alexandre dumas descendants

Alexandre Dumas, fils (27 July 1824 - 27 November 1895) was a French author and dramatist. Although poor, the family still had the father's distinguished reputation and . Among his affairs, in 1866, Dumas had one with Adah Isaacs Menken, an American actress who was less than half his age and at the height of her career. In response to a man who once insulted him about his African ancestry, Dumas famously stated: He was the son (fils) of Alexandre Dumas, pre, also a writer and playwright. Dumas had this, but the French race laws "made it hard for a man of mixed race to claim his rightful title or noble status". Dumas, fils, was an illegitimate child. [45]) He used the simple form "Alex Dumas" starting in 1794. You will bask in the sunlight one moment, be shattered on the rocks the next. On 1 February 1840, Dumas married actress Ida Ferrier (born Marguerite-Josphine Ferrand) (18111859). Marie-Louise Labouret-Dumas to Madame Carmin, 4 December 1806, Muse Alexandre Dumas (Villers-Cotterts, France). [26] Sources have spelling variations of her name, as standardization was not common. He was born on July 24, 1802 in Villers-Cotterts, France. Despite Dumas's aristocratic background and personal success, he had to deal with discrimination related to his mixed-race ancestry. There, Alexandre studied at the academy of Nicolas Texier de la Bossire[fr], where he was given a young nobleman's higher education. In 1784, at age 22, Alexandre moved to an apartment on Rue Etienne, near the Louvre Palace in Paris, socializing at venues such as the Palais-Royal and Nicolet's Theater. [23] Her grandson's memoir gave her name as Louise,[25] and another source recorded Ccile. Dumas had numerous liaisons with other women; the scholar Claude Schopp lists nearly 40 mistresses. [62], In October 1792, Dumas accepted a commission as lieutenant colonel in (and second-in-command of) the Lgion franche des Amricains et du Midi, founded a month earlier by Julien Raimond. Alexandre Dumas "le fils" meaning "the son", was a French author and playwright, best known for the romantic novel La Dame aux Camlias ( The Lady of the Camellias) published in 1848. Entering the military in 1786 as a private at age 24, he commanded 53,000 troops as the General-in-Chief of the French Army of the Alps by age 31. The son of the lesser French nobleman Alexandre-Antoine . Although attracted to an extravagant lifestyle and always spending more than he earned, Dumas proved to be an astute marketer. [89] Marie-Louise Labouret Dumas worked in a tobacconist's shop to make ends meet. It is this line of origin that made him to easily be associated with blacks wherever he went either as a fugitive or to market his works. [60], Dumas's regiment was in Paris on 17 July 1791, where they served as riot police along with National Guard units under the Marquis de Lafayette during the Champ de Mars Massacre of the French Revolution. Dumas's mother, Marie-Cessette Dumas, was a black slave. Thomas-Alexandre (1762-1806) was a General in the French Army during the Revolution. [71], General Dumas joined the Army of Italy in Milan in November 1796, serving under the orders of commander-in-chief Napoleon Bonaparte. [64] In this brief assignment (SeptemberDecember 1793), Dumas's headquarters were in Bayonne, France, where he was apparently nicknamed "Mr. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. In 1775, following the death of both his brothers, Antoine left Saint-Domingue for France in order to claim the family estates and the title of Marquis. In October, he was important in putting down an anti-French revolt in Cairo by charging into the Al-Azhar Mosque on horseback. After he gained release in 1801, Dumas was not awarded "the pension normally allocated to the widows of generals" by the French government[84] and he struggled to support his family after his return to France. Born Alexandre DAVY-DUMAS DE LA PAILLETERIE, Born on July 24, 1802 In that year, the two brothers quarreled violently,[17] after which Antoine left Charles's plantation, taking his three personal slaves with him. The English playwright Watts Phillips, who knew Dumas in his later life, described him as "the most generous, large-hearted being in the world. Cesette 1720 - 1772 DUMAS Thomas Alexandre 1762 - 1806 LABOURET Marie His first serial novel was La Comtesse de Salisbury; douard III (July-September 1836). He was one of 10,000 men under the command of the General Biron. [] His frizzy hair recalls the curls of the Greeks and Romans." Sources HELP. Dumas . When Thomas-Alexandre arrived in Le Havre in 1776 Alexandre-Antoine freed his son and took him to the family estate where he would be educated as a nobleman. Alexandre Dumas, n le 24 juillet 1802 (samedi) - Villers-Cotterts, dcd le 5 dcembre 1870 (lundi) - Puys l'ge de 68 ans, Ecrivain. Dumas was the son of Alexandre Dumas pre, who authored The Three Musketeers, The Count of Monte Cristo, and other classic works of French literature, and the grandson of Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, the Haitian-born French general. It was renamed the Thtre Lyrique in 1851. This is whom I believe our line of Dumas descends from. He had served a 15-day sentence for being involved in selling defective weapons to the French military (a famous scandal at the time known as the Invalides Trial [le procs des Invalides]). You see, Sir, my family starts where yours ends.[21][22]. [53] From 1777 to 1786, from age 15 to 24, thanks to his father's wealth and generosity, Dumas lived a life of considerable leisure. In Paris, she had a sold-out run of Les Pirates de la Savanne and was at the peak of her success. Humanity" (Monsieur de l'Humanit) by local sans-culottes; they wanted to intimidate him to conform to their political line at a time when French generals were extremely vulnerable to accusations of treason that often led to execution. Dumas described a fictional character killing Lord Nelson (Nelson was shot and killed by an unknown sniper). His mother's name is Marie-Cesette Dumas (spelled "Cezette") and referred to as Marie Cezette, negress, mother of Mr. Rethor (Marie Cezette negresse mere dud. What most people don't know, however, was that Alexandre Dumas was Black. The next year, his second play, Christine, was equally popular. In the 1840s, he founded the Thtre Historique, located on the Boulevard du Temple in Paris. Please try again. Fernand Gaudu, "Les Davy de La Pailleterie, seigneurs de Bielleville-en-Caux, Rouen,". He joined an enormous French armada in preparation for departure to a secret destination. Alexandre Dumas, pre, French author. [51], From his arrival in France until Autumn 1778, Alexandre (named Thomas Retor) first lived with his father at the Davy de la Pailleterie family estate in Belleville-en-Caux, Normandy. Son of Gnral Thomas-Alexandre Dumas and Marie-Louise lisabeth Labouret S. Rethor ce acceptans tous les droits de propriet quelle a et pouvoir avoir sur Marie Cezette negresse mere dud. Alexandre Dumas, or " Dumas was born at Paris, France, July 27, 1824, and was educated in Parit schools. According to biographer Tom Reiss, the name Retor was "picked up from a neighbor in Jrmie (where the name can be found on official records of the period)". Afterward (according to his son, drawn largely from the memories of Dumas's aide-de-camp Dermoncourt), Napoleon told him: "I shall have a painting made of the taking of the Grand Mosque. Antoine Returns to France Antoine's mother, the Marquise Jeanne-Franoise, died in 1757 and his father, the Marquis Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie, died in 1758. Thomas-Alexandre Dumas was a mulatto born in the French colony of Saint Domingue ( Haiti ). The boy accompanied Captain Langlois to Le Havre, France, arriving on 30 August 1776, where his father bought him back and freed him. What makes you a man is what you do when that storm comes.from The Count of Monte Cristo. Count de Mauldes request at the Parliament, 30 November 1778, Archives dpartementales du Pas-de-Calais (Dainville and Arras, France), 10J35. negresses cy devans nommes es leurs Enfans []." Judgment in a dispute between Alexandre Dumas (named as Thomas Rethor) and his fathers widow, Marie Retou, Archives Nationale de France, LX465. The story was later adapted into Giuseppe Verdi's 1853 opera La traviata and English stage and film productions called titled " Camille ". Dumas was born in Paris, France, the illegitimate child of Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay (1794-1868), a dressmaker, and novelist Alexandre Dumas. [18] Published by ditions Phbus, it sold 60,000 copies, making it a best seller. Alexandre Dumas, born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, also known as Alexandre Dumas, pre, was a French writer, best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world. [47], The enlistment roll-book for the 6th Regiment of the Queen's Dragoons, which Dumas joined in 1786, described him as "6 feet tall, with frizzy black hair and eyebrows oval face, and brown skinned, small mouth, thick lips". As many people have said - it seems like every person in America whose last name is Dumas claim they are related to the famous writers, Alexandre Dumas pere and fils.But it was proven to be not true.they had only French descendants within the boundaries of France.And the lines died out for the male heirs bearing the name of Dumas. Husband of Marguerite Josphine Dumas, Ida Ferrier Chirac acknowledged the racism that had existed in France and said that the re-interment in the Pantheon had been a way of correcting that wrong, as Alexandre Dumas was enshrined alongside fellow great authors Victor Hugo and mile Zola. Claude Schopp, a Dumas scholar, noticed a letter in an archive in 1990 that led him to discover the unfinished work. They also had an older half-sister, Marie-Rose, born to Marie-Cessette before Davy de la Pailleterie purchased her and began a relationship. O n June 25, 1847, Three Musketeers author Alexandre Dumas unveiled one of the greatest architectural follies of his timea miniature Renaissance chteau and a Gothic house surrounding by . Dumas's father's aristocratic rank helped young Alexandre acquire work with Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orlans, then as a writer, a career which led to early success. USE OF ." Publication place: Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States Publication date: Oct 7 1950 This is assumed to have been his mother's surname, but in fact, the surname "Dumas" occurs only once in connection with Marie-Cessette, and that happens in Europe, when Thomas-Alexandre states, while applying for a marriage license, that his mother's name was "Marie-Cessette Dumas." He was a son to father, Thomas-Alexandre Dumas who was a French Army General who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars, and to mother, Marie-Louise . Troops killed between 12 and 50 people when a large crowd gathered to sign a petition calling for the French King's removal. Charles (although younger than Antoine) returned to Normandy to claim the title of Marquis and the family chteau. Author Dumas was born on 24th July 1802 in Villers-Cotterets, France as Dumas Davy de Pailleterie. Dumas wrote in a wide variety of genres and published a total of 100,000 pages in his lifetime. Because of strong family ties and continued togetherness, generosity has always been part of them. Two documents signed by Alexandre Dumashis contract and certificate of marriage to Marie-Louise Labouretstate that Marie-Cessette died in La Guinaude, near Trou Jrmie, Saint-Domingue, in 1772. Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie,[9] born 1714, was the oldest of three sons of the Marquis Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie (1674 25 December 1758)[12] and Jeanne-Franoise Paultre (or Pautre) de Dominon (d. During 1831 his father legally recognized him and ensured that the young Dumas received the best education possible at the Institution Goubaux and the Collge Bourbon. [55] Dumas did not sign as witness to the marriage contract. [5] in 1797. Maquet took Dumas to court to try to get authorial recognition and a higher rate of payment for his work. Alexandre Dumas wrote numerous stories and historical chronicles of adventure. Dumas's works included: Dumas wrote many plays and adapted several of his novels as dramas. By the time of his release, he was partially paralyzed, almost blind in one eye, had been deaf in one ear but recovered; his physique was broken. Judgment in a dispute between Alexandre Dumas (named as Thomas Rethor) and his fathers widow, Marie Retou Davy de la Pailleterie, Archives Nationale de France, LX465. Dumas had one illegitimate son, Alexandre Dumas, (known as Dumas fils), born 27 July 1824 and he married the actress Ida Ferrier on 1 February 1840. Antoine however retained ownership of Thomas-Alexandre (his only natural son) and took the boy with him to France. [38], Sources differ on the date and circumstance of her death. A copy of the certificate is also held in Archives de lAisne (Laon, France), 304 E 268. Translation: "Considering the obligations contracted above by the said Mr. Rethor and following the present transaction the Lady Marquise de la Pailleterie has by the present yielded and carried to the said Mr. Rethor, thus accepting, all the property right that she has and has the power to have over Marie Cezette negress mother of the said Mr. Rethor, Jeannette and Marie Rose, Creoles, daughters of the said Cezette and sisters of the said Mr. Rethor and over their children, whether they were born or will be born, agreeing that he exercise these rights and benefits from them and dispose in full property and As Things that bring her by the Means of the present document the Lady de la Pailleterie relinquishing, to his profit, of all the ownership rights that she used to have on the said negresses named before and their Children []. On 28 August 2020, Google celebrated Dumas with a Google Doodle. His mother's name is Marie-Cesette Dumas (spelled "Cezette") and referred to as Marie Cezette, negress, mother of Mr. Rethor (Marie Cezette negresse mere dud. According to his son's memoir, the marriage precipitated a "cooling off" which led the father to tighten Dumas's allowance. He lived with them and worked at the plantation until 1748. See also: The Count of Monte Cristo. Apic/Getty Images. [14] The family had acquired the title of "lords" (seigneurs) by 1632. Famously, when insulted about his partial African ancestry, Alexandre Dumas replied by claiming his great-grandfather was a "monkey", and rounded off his response with, "You see, Sir, my family . The future world-famous writer spent his childhood in an atmosphere of ruin and . One month later, he was promoted again, to general of division. It was only on 23 June, after the fleet had conquered Malta, that Napoleon announced that the mission's main purpose: to conquer Egypt. They are known as Alexandre Dumas pre ('father') and Alexandre Dumas fils ('son'). [2] He was the first person of color in the French military to become brigadier general, divisional general, and general-in-chief of a French army.[3]. During the battles in Italy, Austrian troops nicknamed Dumas the Schwarzer Teufel ("Black Devil", Diable Noir in French). Meet Gen. Alexandre Dumas. The Holy Faith Army imprisoned Dumas and the rest of the passengers and confiscated most of their belongings. After writing additional successful plays, Dumas switched to writing novels. In 2009, a sculpture in his honor, made by Driss Sans-Arcidet, This page was last edited on 2 January 2023, at 07:45. Dumas was malnourished and kept incommunicado for two years. [18]) In 1846, he had built a country house outside Paris at Le Port-Marly, the large Chteau de Monte-Cristo, with an additional building for his writing studio. Born in poverty, Dumas was the grandson of a French nobleman and a Haitian slave. His lengthy Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine (Great Dictionary of Cuisine) was published posthumously in 1873. Serving in the French Army, Dumas became an ally of the Assassin . "Dumas" means "of the farm" (du mas), perhaps signifying only that Marie-Cessette belonged to the farm property.[14]. Dumas was the Father of the famous French author Alexandre Dumas [ 5] and the first black General in the French army. Alexandre Dumas (1803-1870), the prolific French author of plays, popular romances, and historical novels, wrote The Three Musketeers and The Count of Monte Cristo. [92], Thomas-Alexandre Dumas is a dateable non-player character in the historically-based dating sim video game Ambition: A Minuet in Power published by Joy Manufacturing Co.[100], This article is about the French general and father of the writer, Enlistment and service in the Queen's Dragoons, Commander-in-chief of the Army of the Western Pyrenees, Commander-in-chief of the Army of the Alps, Commander-in-chief of the Army of the West (1793) in the Vende, General in the Army of the Rhine (France), Commander of Cavalry in the French Campaign in Egypt. Changing literary fashions decreased his popularity. 1860.jpg 190 265; 6 KB 0 references sex or gender female 0 references given name Marie 0 references Alexandrine 0 references family name Dumas 0 references date of birth 5 March 1831 Julian 1 reference Alexandre Dumas reportedly had up to 40 mistresses. Born 25 March 1762 in Jrmie, Saint-Domingue (today Haiti), Thomas-Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie was the son of a French nobleman, Marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie[9] (20 June 1714, Belleville-en-Caux15 June 1786, Saint-Germain-en-Laye[10]) and Marie-Cessette Dumas (b. unknown; d. during or after 1772, La Guinode, Saint-Domingue[11]), an enslaved African woman he owned. In the summer of 1793, Saint-Georges was accused of misusing government funds, and the Legion disbanded. Two years later, faced with financial difficulties, he sold the entire property. In September 1784, while seated at Nicolet's Theater in the company of "a beautiful Creole" woman, he and his companion were harassed by a white colonial naval officer, Jean-Pierre Titon de Saint-Lamain, and one or two others. He was responsible for consolidating the recent government victory over a massive insurgency in the region of the Vende against the French revolutionary government. ALEXANDRE DUMASLife is a storm, my young friend. Dumas was 68 years old. Updated on November 10, 2018. [66] His campaign in the Alps centered on defeating Austrian and Piedmontese troops defending the glacier-covered Little Saint Bernard Pass at Mont Cenis, on the French-Piedmont border. His father, Thomas-Alexander Davy De La Paileteririe, born in wedlock to a black woman, was a soldier who later became a general in Napoleon's army. Marie-Louise lobbied the French government to pay her military widow's pension. '"[49] General Dumas was described as 'darkvery dark.'[50]. Though married, in the tradition of Frenchmen of higher social class, Dumas had numerous affairs (allegedly as many as 40). Some scholars have suggested that Thomas-Alexandre devised the surname "Dumas" for himself when he felt the need for one, and that he attributed it to his mother when convenient. He was the grandson of a woman slave from the Saint Domingue island (later renamed, Haiti), where his French father was born in 1762, and lived a large part of his life. [8][9] It is not known whether Marie-Cessette was born in Saint-Domingue or in Africa, nor is it known from which African people her ancestors came. . He is the author of La Dame aux Camlias, or The Lady of the Camellias. Dumas's The Count of Monte Cristo contains several references to hashish. Chemine (Dumas) In September, he was made commander-in-chief of the Army of the Western Pyrenees. The armada departed on 10 May 1798, destination still unannounced. Unfortunately, his father died when he was just four, leaving the family in a deep financial . On 15 August 1789, following the beginning of the French Revolution, his unit was sent to the small town of Villers-Cotterts. . Here you can find the best of this of Alexandre Dumass historical novels, essays, plays, and travel books. He languished there until the spring of 1801. (Some historians argue that this island inspired Alexandre Dumas's The Count of Monte Cristo. 2 Chapter 1 The beginning of the nineteenth century was a time of audacious enterprises and strange , An excellent biography of the three Alexandre Dumas is located in the first folder of the collection, and this sketch includes a literary synopsis of the careers of Alexandre Dumas, pere and Alexandre Dumas, fils. Marriage contract between Marie Retou and Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, 13 February 1786, privately held by Gilles Henry. Two years later, when someone denounced Dumas to the Committee of Public Safety, he claimed that intervention in the conflict saved as many as 2,000 people. , Robert II de Wavrin. At some point during the occupation, Napoleon learned of the earlier mutinous talk, and confronted Dumas. Dumas was a prolific writer of nonfiction. Born in Saint-Domingue, Thomas-Alexandre was the son of Marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a French nobleman, and of Marie-Cessette Dumas, a slave of African descent. In boarding schools, Dumas fils was constantly taunted by his classmates because of his family situation. There was a slow migration of Dumas from France and adjacent countries from the 1700's to the present. His Henri III et sa cour (1829) was the first of the great Romantic historical dramas produced on the Paris stage, preceding Victor Hugo's more famous Hernani (1830). He founded a production studio, staffed with writers who turned out hundreds of stories, all subject to his personal direction, editing, and additions. Thomas-Alexandre Dumas (1762-1806) On March 25, 1762, Thomas Alexandre Dumas was born. Please try again. This sale (with right of redemption) provided both a legal way to have Alexandre taken to France with Langlois and a temporary loan to pay for his father's passage. (Scholars have found that he had a total of 40 mistresses. For his son, see, Letter from M. de Chauvinault, former royal prosecutor in, Judgment in a dispute between Alexandre Dumas (named as Thomas Rethor) and his fathers widow, Marie Retou Davy de la Pailleterie, Archives Nationale de France, LX465. [23] They did not have any children together. Dumas participated in the French attempt to conquer Egypt and the Levant during the Expdition dgypte of 1798-1801, when he was a commander of the French cavalry forces. Returning to France after his release, he and his wife had a son, Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870), who would become one of France's most widely-read authors. [76] Napoleon was reported to have said: "I can easily replace him with a brigadier. [18] Antoine made a living in Jrmie, Saint-Domingue as a coffee and cacao planter, under the assumed name of "Antoine de l'Isle". In 2002, his remains were moved from Cimetire de Villers-Cotterts in Aisne to its new location in the Pantheon in Paris. Prolific in several genres, Dumas began his career by writing plays, which were successfully produced from the first. droits es en jouisse fasse es dispose en toute proprit es Comme de Choses lui appartenant au Moyen des presentes, mad. He believed his illnesses were caused by poisoning. His father sold Marie-Cessette and her other three children before taking Thomas-Alexandre to France. Dumas published works comprise 300 volumes and 100,000 pages, and have been translated into nearly 100 languages. In 1861, he founded and published the newspaper L'Indpendent, which supported Italian unification, before returning to Paris in 1864. The British blockade of French shipping during the Seven Years' War reduced Charles' income from sugar exports, so he tried to smuggle the commodity out of Saint-Domingue from his plantation. Dumas was born in Viller-Cotterets, just outside of Paris, on July 24, 1802. [46] General Dumas used the full name "Thomas-Alexandre Dumas-Davy de la Pailleterie" on his son's birth certificate. News Americas, NEW YORK, NY, Fri. Aug. 28, 2020: Today, August 28, 2020, Google's Doodle spotlighted on Alexandre Dumas, also known as Alexandre Dumas Pre.But while Dumas achieved fame in France for his illustrious fiction career, including The Three Musketeers, (1844) and The Count of Monte Cristo, (1844-1845), his roots run straight to slavery in Haiti through his . Dumas's victory in opening the high Alpine passes in 1794 enabled the French to initiate their Second Italian Campaign against the Austrian Empire. In 1838, Dumas rewrote one of his plays as a successful serial novel, Le Capitaine Paul. Father of Alexandre Dumas fils. Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (later known as Alexandre Dumas) was born in 1802 in Villers-Cotterts in the department of Aisne, in Picardy, France. Alexandre Dumas was a descendant of a nobleman and the son of a general (Benton), and continued his family legacy by writing about 300 fiction and non-fiction books, plus creating six different periodicals (Benton). [61], A corporal by 1792, Dumas had his first combat experience in a French attack on the Austrian Netherlands in April of that year. Alexandre Dumas was a French writer, whose famous works are The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After, and The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later. Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870), Novelist. His response to a man who insulted him about his partial African ancestry has become famous. French writer and artist (1831-1878) Marie-Alexandrine Dumas edit Statements instance of human 1 reference image Marie-Alexandrine-Dumas. [41], Dumas used several names in his life: Thomas-Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie,[42] Thomas Rethor (or Retor), Alexandre Dumas, Alex Dumas, and Thomas-Alexandre Dumas-Davy de la Pailleterie. [72], Following the 16 January fighting, Dumas felt insulted by the description of his actions in a battle report by General Berthier, Bonaparte's aide-de-camp, and wrote a letter to Napoleon cursing Berthier. He changed his last name to Dumas, which he adopted from his grandmother who used to work as a Haitian slave. Labouret), Aimee-letellier Letellier (geb. In the late twentieth century, scholars such as Reginald Hamel and Claude Schopp have caused a critical reappraisal and new appreciation of his art, as well as finding lost works. Aboard the Guillaume Tell, in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, Dumas learned that he had been appointed as commander of all cavalry in the Army of the Orient. in Villers-Cotterts, France , France, Died on December 05, 1870 He also wrote numerous magazine articles and travel books; his published works totalled 100,000 pages. The Marie Antoinette romances comprise eight novels. 6. Dumas died in Puys, France, in 1870, at the age of sixty-eight. [78], On 7 March 1799, Dumas boarded a small ship called the Belle Maltaise in the company of his fellow General Jean-Baptiste Manscourt du Rozoy, the geologist Dodat Gratet de Dolomieu, forty wounded French soldiers, and a number of Maltese and Genoan civilians. Relation avec. daughter Anne Baur ex-partner Henri Baur son Mlanie Waldor ex-partner Louise Brzette ex-partner Gnral Thomas-Alexandre Dumas father About Alexandre Dumas, pre In March 1799, Dumas left Egypt on an unsound vessel, which was forced to run aground in the southern Italian Kingdom of Naples, where he was taken prisoner and thrown into a dungeon. Conditions of heat, thirst, fatigue, and lack of supplies for the troops on the desert march were harsh; there were a number of suicides. Thomas-Alexandre had been born in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), the mixed-race, natural son of the marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie (Antoine), a French nobleman and gnral commissaire in the artillery of the colony, and Marie-Cessette Dumas, an enslaved woman of Afro-Caribbean ancestry. One of the prominent French writers, Alexandre Dumas, was born on the 24th of July in 1802, in Villers-Cotterts, France. In 2002, for the bicentenary of Dumas's birth, French President Jacques Chirac held a ceremony honouring the author by having his ashes re-interred at the mausoleum of the Panthon of Paris, where many French luminaries were buried. On 28 November 1792, stationed with the Black Legion in Amiens, Dumas married Marie-Louise lisabeth Labouret in Villers-Cotterts. Unlike his noble peers, who took arms as commissioned officers, Dumas enlisted as a private. The Davy de la Pailleteries were provincial Norman aristocrats whose wealth was in decline. He sold Marie-Cessette Dumas, their other two children, and her daughter by another man to a baron from Nantes before leaving Saint-Domingue. Until the mid-1830s, life in France remained unsettled, with sporadic riots by disgruntled Republicans and impoverished urban workers seeking change. Alexandre (or Alexander) Dumas was given the birth name of Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie on July 24, 1802 in Picardy, France. Translated into English, it was released in 2006 as The Last Cavalier, and has been translated into other languages. [dudit] S. Rethor), The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later, Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie, Learn how and when to remove this template message, French Studies: "Quebecer discovers an unpublished manuscript by Alexandre Dumas", Watts Phillips: Artist and Playwright by Emma Watts Phillips. While camped in Damanhour, General Dumas met with several other generals (Lannes, Desaix, and Murat). He adopted the surname Dumas from his grandmother, a former Haitian slave.

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