why was humphry davy's experiment accepted quickly

The contemptible beings are now vanished, and Chemists are running to the opposite extreme. [25] While it is impossible to know whether Davy was at fault, this edition of the Lyrical Ballads contained many errors, including the poem "Michael" being left incomplete. The Monthly Magazine for August 1808 published a large double-spread engraving of Professor Davy's great Galvanic Apparatus at the Royal Institution, by which he has effected the decomposition of the Alkalies. Davy's voltaic battery was evidently a formidable instrument. Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, FRS (17 December 1778 - 29 May 1829) was a British chemist and physicist. This is exactly such a case as we should choose to place before Bacon, were he to revisit the earth, in order to give him, in a small compass, an idea of the advancement which philosophy has made, since the time when he pointed out to her the route which she ought to pursue. Previously, science had been represented by Astronomy and Newton's Principia. In a satirical cartoon by Gillray, nearly half of the attendees pictured are female. She grasped the enormous educational value of scientific discussion and demonstration, especially in chemistry. For his researches on voltaic cells, tanning, and mineral analysis, he received the Copley Medal in 1805. Davy revelled in his public status. Davy acquired a large female following around London. We find none which have sprung forward, during the last century, with such extraordinary vigour, and have had such influence in promoting corresponding progress in others. It was also the most exciting. Three years later, his family moved to Varfell, near Ludgvan, and subsequently, in term-time Davy boarded with John Tonkin, his godfather and later his guardian. [41] He gave a farewell lecture to the Institution, and married a wealthy widow, Jane Apreece. These revelations included the discovery and correct naming of new gases (artificial airs) such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide; the crucial decomposition of wateruntil then considered a primary elementinto its components of oxygen and hydrogen; the isolation of new chemical elements such as sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium, barium and magnesium; early atomic theory, and the first periodic table of chemical elements; the early investigations into the fantastic phenomena of electricity; the theories of latent heat, calorific and combustion; the wave hypothesis of light; photosynthesis; the medical uses of inhalation and vaccination (and nearly anaesthesia); and work on early spectroscopy. "[6], After Davy's father died in 1794, Tonkin apprenticed him to John Bingham Borlase, a surgeon with a practice in Penzance. [50] Unfortunately, although the new design of gauze lamp initially did seem to offer protection, it gave much less light, and quickly deteriorated in the wet conditions of most pits. Religious commentary was in part an attempt to appeal to women in his audiences. The next day Davy left Bristol to take up his new post at the Royal Institution,[16] it having been resolved 'that Humphry Davy be engaged in the service of the Royal Institution in the capacity of assistant lecturer in chemistry, director of the chemical laboratory, and assistant editor of the journals of the institution, and that he be allowed to occupy a room in the house, and be furnished with coals and candles, and that he be paid a salary of 100l. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. The Navy Board approached Davy in 1823, asking for help with the corrosion. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Humphry Davy: Chemistry's First why was humphry davy's experiment accepted quickly. In his small private laboratory, he prepared and inhaled nitrous oxide (laughing gas) in order to test a claim that it was the "principle of contagion," that is, caused diseases. 1, pp. "[8] His brother, moreover, claimed Davy possessed a "native vigour" and "the genuine quality of genius, or of that power of intellect which exalts its possessor above the crowd. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Monthly, and even weekly Journals are teeming with experiments, and with real or supposed discoveries. In 1818, Davy was awarded a baronetcy. Richard Holmes, Humphry Davy and the Chemical Moment, Clinical Chemistry, Volume 57, Issue 11, 1 November 2011, Pages 16251631, https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.173971, There was a time in early 19th century Europe when chemistry was regarded not only as the dominant science of the day, but also as the most attractive and civilizing of all disciplines of natural philosophy. As the poet Coleridge announced with glee, as he began a private chemical course in 1801: I shall attack Chemistry, like a Shark!, In fact for several decades chemistry came to symbolize the spirit of Science itself. He received his early education from his father and from Quaker John Fletcher, who ran a private school in the nearby village of Pardshaw Hall.Dalton's family was too poor to support him for long and he began to earn his living, from the age of ten, in . His primary research subject was himself. Humphry Davy's Accomplishments: Humphry Davy was an accomplished chemist from England that pioneered the field of electrochemistry. The dominating ambition of his life was to achieve fame; occasional petty jealousy did not diminish his concern for the "cause of humanity", to use a phrase often employed by him in connection with his invention of the miners' lamp. The student tried to electrolyse the potassium chloride solution to produce potassium. And now, my boys and girls, I must first tell you of what candles are made. Leading early 19th century chemist. After the Battle of Waterloo, Davy wrote to Lord Liverpool urging that the French be treated with severity: My Lord, I need not say to Your Lordship that the capitulation of Paris not a treaty; lest everything belonging to the future state of that capital & of France is open to discussion & that France is a conquered country. Hello Guys ! Contributor: Sheila Terry. Finally, in his extraordinary last book Consolations in Travel: The Last Days of a Philosopher published in 1830, Davy gave a retrospective and even mystical view of the role of the chemist himself in society. In one experiment he almost lost his life by inhaling water gas, a combustible mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Sir Humphry Davy, in full Sir Humphry Davy, Baronet, (born December 17, 1778, Penzance, Cornwall, Englanddied May 29, 1829, Geneva, Switzerland), English chemist who discovered several chemical elements (including sodium and potassium) and compounds, invented the miners safety lamp, and became one of the greatest exponents of the scientific method. to weaken her on the side of Italy, Germany & Flanders. Faraday carried on Davy's chemical work at the Royal Instruction for the next thirty years. The critic Maurice Hindle was the first to reveal that Davy and Anna had written poems for each other. [16], Davy threw himself energetically into the work of the laboratory and formed a long romantic friendship with Mrs Anna Beddoes, the novelist Maria Edgeworth's sister, who acted as his guide on walks and other fine sights of the locality. He also showed that chlorine is a chemical element, and experiments designed to reveal oxygen in chlorine failed. While living in Bristol, Davy met the Earl of Durham, who was a resident in the institution for his health, and became close friends with Gregory Watt, James Watt, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey, all of whom became regular users of nitrous oxide (laughing gas). By the end of 1825, the Admiralty ordered the Navy Board to cease fitting the protectors to sea-going ships, and to remove those that had already been fitted. Davy wrote to Davies Gilbert on 8 March 1801 about the offers made by Banks and Thompson, a possible move to London and the promise of funding for his work in galvanism. These candidates embodied the factional difficulties that beset Davy's presidency and which eventually defeated him. Their experimental work was poor, and the publications were harshly criticised. He also discovered boron (by heating borax with potassium), hydrogen telluride, and hydrogen phosphide (phosphine). Humphrey Davy's experiment to produce this new element was quickly had a lot of money. By June 1814, they were in Milan, where they met Alessandro Volta, and then continued north to Geneva. It was an early form of arc light which produced its illumination from an electric arc created between two charcoal rods. MYSTERY OF MATTER 2. The tremendous force of such an agency struck the learned with delight, and the unlearned with mingled rapture and astonishment; and the theatre or lecture-room rung with applause as the mighty master made his retreating obeisance. According to one of Davy's biographers, June Z. Fullmer, he was a deist. The house in Albemarle Street was bought in April 1799. [39] The name chlorine, chosen by Davy for "one of [the substance's] obvious and characteristic properties its colour", comes from the Greek (chlros), meaning green-yellow. (Jan Golinski, Science as Public Culture: Chemistry and Enlightenment in Britain 17601820, 1992, p. 255). (ii) Other scientists were able to repeat Davy's experiment. It was the final vindication of Davy's vision of the broad, progressive influence of chemistry throughout society. I claim the privilege of speaking to juveniles as a juvenile myself. Davy features in the diary of William Godwin, with their first meeting recorded for 4 December 1799.[19]. Davy was particularly interested in the effects of inhaling various gasses, so he, well, inhaled various gasses. What experiment did William and Davy tried? [1], In 1815 Davy also suggested that acids were substances that contained replaceable hydrogenions; hydrogen that could be partly or totally replaced by reactive metals which are placed above hydrogen in the reactivity series. Davy early concluded that the production of electricity in simple electrolytic cells resulted from chemical action and that chemical combination occurred between substances of opposite charge. Before the 19th century, no distinction had been made between potassium and sodium. 40 cm of dilute hydrochloric acid were placed in a conical flask. Davy's laboratory assistant, Michael Faraday, went on to enhance Davy's work and would become the more famous and influential scientist. This was followed a year later with the Presidency of the Royal Society. In 1803 he was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society and an honorary member of the Dublin Society and delivered the first of an annual series of lectures before the board of agriculture. But undoubtedly the most celebrated and iconic figure of this entire Chemical Age was Sir Humphry Davy (17781829), who used his chemical discoveries, his wildly popular lecture series, and his general writings on science, to turn the Chemical Philosopher (the term scientist not being coined until 1834) into a figure of social and cultural importance in a quite new way. In this fifth dialogue, The Chemical Philosopher, Davy set out his hopes for the future of chemistry. Leading early 19th century chemist. The gas was popular among Davy's friends and acquaintances, and he noted that it might be useful for performing surgical operations. He was succeeded by Davies Gilbert. The Larigan, or Laregan, river is a stream in Penzance. It is the duty of the allies to give her more restricted boundaries which shall not encroach upon the natural limits of other nations. The children's author Jane Marcet (17691858) was directly inspired by Davy to use chemistry as a new basis for enlightened teaching. Chord after chord was sounded, and soon my mind was filled with one thought, one conception, and one purpose. Davy's lectures included spectacular and sometimes dangerous chemical demonstrations along with scientific information, and were presented with considerable showmanship by the young and handsome man. In 1812 he was knighted by the Prince Regent (April 8), delivered a farewell lecture to members of the Royal Institution (April 9), and married Jane Apreece, a wealthy widow well known in social and literary circles in England and Scotland (April 11). DAVY, Sir HUMPHRY (1778-1829), natural philosopher, was born at Penzance in Cornwall on 17 Dec. 1778. John Dalton was born into a Quaker family in Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, [citation needed] in Cumberland, England. It was a masterly series of six lectures for young people, designed with unparalleled clarity and brilliance. His poems reflected his views on both his career and also his perception of certain aspects of human life. As a poet, over one hundred and sixty manuscript poems were written by Davy, the majority of which are found in his personal notebooks. There is a 'zone of activity' commercial area in La Grand Combe, Davy is the subject of a humorous song by. Sir Humphry Davy's electric light experiment in 1813. . This was the paradoxical idea that science could also represent a menace to mankind, a profound threat to the whole future of society. In another letter to Gilbert, on 10 April, Davy informs him: "I made a discovery yesterday which proves how necessary it is to repeat experiments. The flask was 6, . Davy refused to patent the lamp, and its invention led to his being awarded the Rumford medal in 1816. This was after he started experiencing failing health and a decline both in health and career. They returned to Italy via Munich and Innsbruck, and when their plans to travel to Greece and Istanbul were abandoned after Napoleon's escape from Elba, they returned to England. On 25 April 1801, Davy gave his first lecture on the relatively new subject of 'Galvanism'. He said that he breathed sixteen quarts of it for nearly seven minutes, and that it "absolutely intoxicated me. Davy is now most obviously remembered for his early work on nitrous oxide; his use of the Voltaic battery to resolve new elements such as sodium and potassium; his innovations in agricultural chemistry and tanning; his invention of the arc light (using carbon electrodes); and above all for his triumphant design of the miner's safety lamp, a brilliantly simple device (of metal gauze) that spread across the coal mines of Europe, as far as Poland and even Russia, unhindered by patent restrictions. In accessing the primary energy source of the day, it saved literally thousands of lives. Davy isolated sodium in the same year by passing an electric current through molten sodium hydroxide. It may fairly be said that there is hardly in the whole compass of art or science a single invention of which one would rather wish to be the author.. Davy was only 41, and reformers were fearful of another long presidency. This led to his introduction to Dr Edwards, who lived at Hayle Copper House. But what is far less appreciated is the historical and philosophic importance of his writings. Davy romantically dedicated these lectures to his fiance Jane Apreece (Davy, Works, vol. On Gilberts recommendation, he was appointed (1798) chemical superintendent of the Pneumatic Institution, founded at Clifton to inquire into the possible therapeutic uses of various gases. These experiences left him in a weakened state by 1827, when he resigned the various scientific posts he held. "[16] George Stephenson's lamp was very popular in the north-east coalfields, and used the same principle of preventing the flame reaching the general atmosphere, but by different means. Altogether Davy conferred hitherto unexampled popularityand even glamouron the discipline of chemistry. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the provided link in our emails. Hunting, shooting, wrestling, cockfighting, generally ending in drunkenness, were what they most delighted in. Davy was the elder son of middle-class parents who owned an estate in Ludgvan, Cornwall, England. The composition of the atmosphere, and the properties of gases, have been ascertained; the phenomena of electricity have been developed; the lightnings have been taken from the clouds; and lastly, a new influence has been discovered, which has enabled man to produce from combinations of dead matter effects which were formerly occasioned only by animal organs. ], Three of Davy's paintings from around 1796 have been donated to the Penlee House museum at Penzance. Their prominence in contemporary discussion of scientific practice marks the degree to which we have departd from a naive philosophical view of the . _____ _____ (1) (b) A student dissolved some potassium chloride in water. The modern masters promise very little; they know that metals cannot be transmuted, and that the elixir of life is a chimera. Possibly most significant of all, chemistry became a recognised part of children's education, just as astronomy had once been. Encouraged by her husband Alexander Marcet, himself a Fellow of the Royal Society, she published the first truly best-selling scientific populariser for young people in 1806. It stood for pure disinterested and experimental research, combined with technological applications for the relief of man's estate (in the famous phrase of Sir Francis Bacon). Like many chemists of the period, Davy's health was compromised by his exposure to compounds and chemicals. Gilbert recommended Davy, and in 1798 Gregory Watt showed Beddoes the Young man's Researches on Heat and Light, which were subsequently published by him in the first volume of West-Country Contributions. Note only are treatises of Philosophy and Chemistry met with in every quarter, but Beaux and their Ladies, all are now Chemists, or pretend to be so. 3189). He is best remembered today for his discoveries of several alkali and alkaline earth metals, as well as contributions to the discoveries of the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine. The Royal Society of Chemistry has offered over 1,800 for the recovery of the medal. Yet in complete contrast, Davy's chemistry also came to represent a baleful possibility that had been barely conceived before this time. Humphry Davy. Among them were Benjamin Franklin (17061790) in America and also later in France, along with Berthollet (17491822) and Gay-Lussac (17781850); Scheele (17421786) and Berzelius (17791848) in Scandinavia; and the great roll-call from Britain: Joseph Black, Henry Cavendish, the radical non-Conformist Joseph Priestley, Thomas Beddoes, Thomas Young, John Dalton, and William Hyde Wollaston. [41], In 1812, Davy was knighted and gave up his lecturing position at the Royal Institution. And before proceeding, let me say this alsothat though our subject be so great, and our intention that of treating it honestly, seriously, and philosophically, yet I mean to pass away from all those who are seniors amongst us. Davy was the outstanding scientist but some fellows did not approve of his popularising work at the Royal Institution. While composing her novel in the winter of 181617, Mary Shelley's daily Journal records how she meticulously read and studied Davy's published lectures of 1802 and 1812. [41], Upon reaching Paris, Davy was a guest of honour at a meeting of the First Class of the Institut de France and met with Andr-Marie Ampre and other French chemists. Berzelius called Davy's 1806 Bakerian Lecture On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity "one of . [42] Davy's party sailed from Plymouth to Morlaix by cartel, where they were searched. The previous president, Joseph Banks, had held the post for over 40 years and had presided autocratically over what David Philip Miller calls the "Banksian Learned Empire", in which natural history was prominent.[61]. He refused to allow a post-mortem for similar reasons. There stood Davy, every Saturday morning, as the mighty magician of natureas one, to whom the hidden properties of the earth were developed by some Egerian priestess in her secret recess. One is of the view from above Gulval showing the church, Mount's Bay and the Mount, while the other two depict Loch Lomond in Scotland.[10][11]. With a suppressed giggle, Caroline has discovered sexual chemistry, and the reader will remember forever the composition of a water molecule: two hydrogen atoms in unrequited love with an oxygen atom (H2O). [24] Wordsworth was ill in the autumn of 1800 and slow in sending poems for the second edition; the volume appeared on 26 January 1801 even though it was dated 1800. Similarly, he expands on the idea of a new science: The ancient teachers of this science, said [Waldman], promised impossibilities and performed nothing. After spending many months attempting to recuperate, Davy died in a room at L'Hotel de la Couronne, in the Rue du Rhone, in Geneva, Switzerland, on 29 May 1829. Trained and mentored as a chemist by Davy at the Royal Institution, Faraday became the leading experimental scientists of the early 19th century. A student investigated how quickly the tablets react with excess hydrochloric acid. Whilst chemical pursuits exalt the understanding, they do not depress the imagination or weaken genuine feelings; whilst they give the mind habits of accuracy, by obliging it to attend to facts, they like wise extend its analogies; and, though conversant with the minute forms of things, they have for their ultimate end the great and magnificent objects of Nature . [69][1] He had wished to be buried where he died, but had also wanted the burial delayed in case he was only comatose. Humphrey Davy's experiment to produce this new element was quickly accepted by November 2017 - The Greatest Scientific Discoveries _____ _____ (1) (b) A student . He also published the first part of the Elements of Chemical Philosophy, which contained much of his own work. They penetrate into the recesses of Nature, and show how she works in her hiding-places. Search for other works by this author on: 2011 The American Association for Clinical Chemistry, This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (, Clinical Perspective on Use of Long-Read Sequencing in Prenatal Diagnosis of Thalassemia, High-Density Lipoprotein Lipidomics in Chronic Kidney Disease, Peripheral and Portal Venous KRAS ctDNA Detection as Independent Prognostic Markers of Early Tumor Recurrence in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Diagnosis of Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia Based on the Lipid Abnormalities Driven by APOE2/E2 Genotype, Development of an LC-MRM-MS-Based Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure for Standardization of Serum Apolipoprotein (a) Tests, Clinical Chemistry Guide to Scientific Writing, Clinical Chemistry Guide to Manuscript Review. 10506. [23] Wordsworth subsequently wrote to Davy on 29 July 1800, sending him the first manuscript sheet of poems and asking him specifically to correct: "any thing you find amiss in the punctuation a business at which I am ashamed to say I am no adept". But Davy also gave, for perhaps the first time since Bacon, a much wider social and philosophic context to the whole business and ambition of science. (Frankenstein, revised edition, 1831, chapter 3). Davy was acquainted with the Wedgwood family, who spent a winter at Penzance.[8]. [13] Priestley described his discovery in the book Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air (1775), in which he described how to produce the preparation of "nitrous air diminished", by heating iron filings dampened with nitric acid. The hardest metals melted like wax beneath its operation. To take back from her by contributions the wealth she has acquired by them to suffer her to retain nothing that the republican or imperial armies have stolen: This last duty is demanded no less by policy than justice. Berzelius called Davy's 1806 Bakerian Lecture "On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity" "one of the best memoirs which has ever enriched the theory of chemistry." Yet the Chemical Moment had been handed on gloriously to the next generation in the shape of a single, radiant candle flame. Davy's party did not meet Napoleon in person, but they did visit the Empress Josphine de Beauharnais at the Chteau de Malmaison. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In the late 1790's, Humphry Davy experimented with the psychotropic properties of N2O, describing his observations . [22] In after years Davy regretted he had ever published these immature hypotheses, which he subsequently designated "the dreams of misemployed genius which the light of experiment and observation has never conducted to truth. [3] Berzelius called Davy's 1806 Bakerian Lecture On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity[4] "one of the best memoirs which has ever enriched the theory of chemistry. and clung fast to it." Yet in complete contrast, Davy's chemistry also came to represent a baleful possibility that had been barely conceived before this time. Davy was a pioneer in the field of electrolysis using the voltaic pile to split common compounds and thus prepare many new elements. But Davy's astonishing chemical influence can be traced in many and surprising directions far beyond the fashionable world of London. Humphry Davy as Geologist, I805-29 22I man of nature is the ideal of human happiness, for not only is such a man limited by his poverty to acts of survival, but he can have no appreciation Bettmann/Corbis. At one point the gas was combined with wine to judge its efficacy as a cure for hangover (his laboratory notebook indicated success). Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it "dephlogisticated marine acid" (see phlogiston theory) and mistakenly thought it contained oxygen. As is shown by his verses and sometimes by his prose, his mind was highly imaginative; the poet Coleridge declared that if he "had not been the first chemist, he would have been the first poet of his age", and Southey said that "he had all the elements of a poet; he only wanted the art." During the first half of 1808, Davy conducted a series of further electrolysis experiments on alkaline earths including lime, magnesia, strontites and barytes. In 1800, Davy informed Gilbert that he had been "repeating the galvanic experiments with success" in the intervals of the experiments on the gases, which "almost incessantly occupied him from January to April." In a letter to John Children, on 16 November 1812, Davy wrote: "It must be used with great caution. Banks had groomed the engineer, author and politician Davies Gilbert to succeed him and preserve the status quo, but Gilbert declined to stand. "[8] In Italy, they befriended Lord Byron in Rome and then went on to travel to Naples. This appears in three visionary statements on the progressive state of chemistry in his life time, which he delivered successively over some thirty years. Faraday started reading the book in 1810, while still working as an apprentice bookbinder, and later recalled: I felt I had got hold of an anchor in chemical knowledge, and clung fast to it.. Home / Sin categora / why was humphry davy's experiment accepted quickly. 116, 225. Incidents such as the Felling mine disaster of 1812 near Newcastle, in which 92 men were killed, not only caused great loss of life among miners but also meant that their widows and children had to be supported by the public purse. I have been severely wounded by a piece scarcely bigger. There he formed strongly independent views on topics of the moment, such as the nature of heat, light, and electricity and the chemical and physical doctrines of Antoine Lavoisier. On 30 June 1808 Davy reported to the Royal Society that he had successfully isolated four new metals which he named barium, calcium, strontium and magnium (later changed to magnesium) which were subsequently published in the Philosophical Transactions. [46] They sojourned in Florence, where using the burning glass of the Grand Duke of Tuscany [47] in a series of experiments conducted with Faraday's assistance, Davy succeeded in using the sun's rays to ignite diamond, proving it is composed of pure carbon. His central concept was that of Hope. He was given the title of Honorary Professor of Chemistry. accepted by other scientists because he had a lot of staff to help. With his assistant Dr Kinglake, he would heat crystals of ammonium nitrate, collect the gas released in a green oiled-silk bag, pass it through water vapour to remove impurities and then inhale it through a mouthpiece. By 1824, it had become apparent that fouling of the copper bottoms was occurring on the majority of protected ships. [29], During the first half of 1808, Davy conducted a series of further electrolysis experiments on alkaline earths including lime, magnesia, strontites and barytes. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. 299309). [15] Anesthetics were not regularly used in medicine or dentistry until decades after Davy's death. Humphry Davy (17781829), British chemist, testing his safety lamp in a mine. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.173971, https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 American Association of Clinical Chemistry. After prolonged negotiations, mainly by Gilbert, Mrs Davy and Borlase consented to Davy's departure, but Tonkin wished him to remain in his native town as a surgeon, and altered his will when he found that Davy insisted on going to Dr Beddoes. Davy entertained his school friends by writing poetry, composing Valentines, and telling stories from One Thousand and One Nights. In the event he was again re-elected unopposed, but he was now visibly unwell. Because the metal intensively transferred heat from the flame, this construction prevented the temperature around the flame to exceed the ignition point of the explosive substance.

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