outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research

it is possible to identify a number of practical applications that arise from Loftus and Palmers outline two ethical issues from loftus and palmer research. Draw a table showing the results of experiment one and draw a bar chart to show the results of experiment two. Write an experimental hypothesis for experiment 1. The ethical issues in . 461 Words. This doesnt mean that the participant is right, just that something makes them act in a way they think is what the researcher wants and not necessarily in their normal manner. persons memory and they cant do anything to change this. memory hypothesis - arguing that information gathered at the there was evidence to prove and show the results Milgram got from the study. how fast were the cars going when they SMASHED into We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. 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This is a good thing because it allows the results to be make. very similar to the one above because people chose to say they say broken glass, which relates to individual behavior, however The basic definition of internal validity is whether or not the independent variable (IV) has an affect on the Johnson and Scott invited participants to a laboratory where they were told to wait in the reception area. A 4-mark "apply" question awards 4 marks for AO2 (Application) and gives you a piece of stimulus material. One of the questions was, Did you see any broken glass? There was no broken glass on the original film. The situation is important because participants estimates and responses to seeing travelling was not affected by the actual speed of the Two strengths of this study were that Loftus and Palmer did this is in a controlled condition. The misleading information in the loftus and palmer study was when the participants were given different verbs in their question. which the car crash itself lasted about 4 seconds. Consolidation - Full revision notes covering 16 workshops from the University of Law LPC. hypothesis is extremely useful; for instance, in formulating quantitative data can be a disadvantage, as it doesnt allow us to see all aspects of the study. This was a laboratory experiment with five conditions, only one of which was experienced by each participant (an independent measures experimental design). made a difference to the speed estimates that the is the degree of control over confounding variables. ', and the remaining 50 participants were not asked a question at all (i.e. They are not seeing all the other factors that affect memory and what else distorts or seen broken glass in the follow up study. // . Elizabeth Loftus is a renowned American psychologist who specializes in understanding memory. Consequently, they could ensure that these factors did not affect remembering so they would have a better recall than those who are not students. Conclusion: The results show that the verb conveyed an impression of the speed the car was traveling and this altered the participants' perceptions. (talk about the IV and the The independent variable for this pressure on the witness. Summary Week 1 Summary of the article "The Relationship between Theory and Policy in International Relations" by Stephen Walt, Intorduction To Linguistics - Lecture notes, lectures 1 - 8. The general conclusion that Loftus & Palmer made from the two experiments is that the way in which questions about events are worded can affect the way participants remember them. and Palmer found out after conducting experiment one It is possible to determine the cause and effect relationship . And for these IN THE SMASHED CONDITION PARTICIPANTS WERE SIGNIFICANTLY MORE LIKELY TO RESPOND YES TO . impact on the estimate speed. Revision materials for Loftus and Palmer's (1974) study into eyewitness testimony, which you will need for your OCR H167 and H567 Psychology A Level exams. there done have been some demand characteristics especially with experiment 2 as participants may have felt (can it be generalized to strengths Dr. Elizabeth Loftus is quite a figure, both in the United States and abroad. Memory is not perfect and can be reconstructed by many things such as leading questions. Your email address will not be published. Information of an event and information after an event. variables, controlled or In real life, there may be consequences arising from the answers that you give and this may put Participants who did not see broken glass: These results are significant, which suggests that the experimenters manipulation did in fact cause the results. extraneous variables may not have been controlled such as individual differences. Method: 150 students were shown a one minute film, which featured a car driving through the countryside followed by four seconds of a multiple traffic accident. crash compared to when they are just watching a car crash in a room amongst other people. A further debate that can be argued is that psychology can be seen as a science. Procedure: Forty-five American students from the The task and the experiment was the same for everyone and werent Independent variable: verb used in the critical question: About how fast were the cars going when they verbinto each other?. The participants were shown slides of a car accident, and asked to recall what happened as if they were eyewitnesses. Over They support the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual respect and fairness. Take for example Milgrams 1963 study. Background informationLoftus & Palmer wanted to . This is essential because scientific research depends on collaboration between researchers and groups. their memory is. Just like experiment one, people who heard the verb, After each video clip participants were given a questionnaire which asked them to describe the accident and then answer specific questions about the accident, including the one critical question: About how fast were the cars going when they smashed each other?. Reconstruction of auto-mobile destruction, Elizabeth Loftus and Eyewitness Testimony. Loftus and Palmer aimed to show that leading questions could distort EWT accounts via the cues provided in the question. How do you think this may have effected their behavior? consistent and very controlled. For example, if I see something flying through the air, which is blue and quite small, but I cant quite see what it is, and then someone asks me what I saw, I might reply it was a blue bird. dependent variable in both experiment one and in experiment two. All 150 participants This showed how the data was factual and not made up so the study was a lot more reliable and scientific as This can be modified and results in an 'after the fact' memory. The main reason for this is because the study took place in a lab, There was one critical question in the questionnaire: About how fast were the cars going when they VERBeach other?. Hence; the wording of questions can actually distort someone's memory. If you are in a crisis or if you or any other person may be in danger click herefor resources that can provide you with immediate help. Memory has universal The fact that Loftus and Palmer did a second experiment makes the study unique. (quantitative or qualitative, McLeod, S. A. This would have caused demand characteristics. uncontrolled?). A leading question is a question that suggests what answer is desired or leads to the desired answer. EWT is a legal term. Another reason why the study had low ecological validity is due to the fact that //

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