alaskan fry bread

Now, you have me questioning it.. The yeast is activated after about five minutes when it starts looking foamy. When the texture is nice, (smooth and soft looking) form a ball in the bowl. According to an article in the July 2008 Smithsonian Magazine, Navajo frybread came into being when the United States made Arizona Natives relocate by walking 300 miles to New Mexicomore than150 years ago. Fry bread is a Native American bread that stretches back generations, particularly in the Navajo Nation with whom it originated. Back then, as it is now, bread dough could be fried into flat pieces ordoughnutsor baked into loaves or rolls, she said. Mix well to blend. It sinks to the bottom. Total: 16 minutes Its also a tasty snack when served with honey, maple syrup, or fruit jam or preserves. Made with simple ingredients, generally wheat flour, baking powder, salt, and water, frybread can be eaten alone or with various toppings such as . Combine flour, baking powder, and salt in a large bowl. What stirs you up about how Juneau is built and how the city works? Frybread. For Alaskans, it is a satisfying treat on a cold winter day or on a camping trip. Add water till a thick Stretch sections once in one direction and then again in the opposite direction. Serve with Alaska blueberry jam or smoked salmon spread. Katasse, whos Tlingit but spent a lot of his adult life in the Southwest, says his recipe came from a Pueblo friend. Mix flour and baking powder. Jeremy Hsieh is the deputy managing editor of the. Like matzah is a symbol of Jewish persecution, Navajo fry bread has a lot of history, symbolism and emotion kneaded into it. Use your favorite type of oil for frying. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. I say my prayers every time I do 10 pounds of dough, for everybody that walks across my booth, buys bread, that they would be blessed and nourished, Katasse says. And yet, Smithsonian Magazine and popular lore attribute fry breads origins to the Navajo. By the end of Katasses first week in town, shed eaten four pieces. Colleen Graham, 3 cups vegetable oil or shortening (enough for 1-inch depth, for frying), 1 cup all-purpose flour, plus more for dusting. Has that big tub, Austin says between bites. Fry bread made good use of the government rations they relied on, which included flour, sugar, salt, and lard. You cant do anything, especially if kids are around. And yet, Smithsonian Magazine and popular lore attribute fry breads origins to the Navajo. Drain on paper towels. Flatten into 1/2-inch-thick patties, and make a small hole in the center of each patty. Shape dough into twelve 3-inch diameter ball. Its light and its big, and he always has good conversation while youre getting it, she says with a cheery chuckle. Carefully slide 1 or 2 pieces of dough into the hot oil. Return to Home The piece is flat and about the size of a palm. | Data Access Request - Grilled chicken, red beans, lettuce, tomato, cheese, and corn salsa. I now take it back and I freezeem, take it back and I can haveem later. Some people say its magic that turns a hand-stretched disc of dough into a puffy but-not-too-puffy piece of golden, delicious fry bread. The dough is sticky but easy to work with; keep your hands and work surface well-floured. It may be made with yeast and cornmeal, and some recipes add shortening, lard, or another fat, or include an egg. batter forms. Adjust the thickness of the dough for your use. It was her first bite of frybread fresh from the fryer. A small group of women worked their dough to the right consistency inside giant steel bowls. - Seasoned ground beef, seared to perfection finished with caramelized onions, pickle, and mustard. meltedbutterto dip in (optional) Fry for about 1 to 2 minutes on each side, or until lightly browned. Decades later, she teaches classes at the Morris Thompson Cultural andVisitors Centeron how to make the traditional Alaska Native staple. Cause theres no I cant cook it myself.. - Waffle cut sweet potato fries topped with pulled pork, black beans, lightly sauted red peppers, onions, corn salsa, and fresh jalapenos. Dixie Alexander, center, shows Leah Thomas, left, and Kendall Musser the proper way to knead frybread during a frybread making class in March at Morris Thompson Cultural and Visitors Center. Adjust the thickness of the dough for your use. Traditional foods grew poorly there. Drop one piece into the oil heating on the stove. The oil should bubble around it fairly steadily when it's ready. Remove the bread to drain on paper towels. Vegetable oil and shortening are popular options, canola oil is considered a little healthier, and lard is traditionally used by many Native Americans. They remember their first time eating fry bread made by their parents and grandparents when they were young children. Cut 3 or 4 lines through the dough and stretch it out slightly. Cheaper oils make the fry bread come out greasier, Garfield Katasse says. Cook: 6 minutes Alexander instructs someone to drop the first formed dough piece into the pan. /2 inch sections. Marilyn, a teacher's aide at our school, and the mother of a student in my class, showed me how to make fried bread-- "aqaleq." I'll need to research the spelling. Be careful not to knead the dough too much because the bread will be hard and tough. Katasse has been setting up shop in the Juneau and Anchorage areas for about a decade. The key to using different oils is to ensure whichever you choose has. Lanien Livingston attended the class to find a different way to make frybread. Katasse has been setting up shop in the Juneau and Anchorage areas for about a decade. Sprinkle yeast in the milk, let it set for a couple minutes to make sure the yeast is alive. Cut slices into 2. Put a little oil on the top of ball and cover it with plastic wrap. Serve the bread as a taco salad base or with taco toppings (popularly called Navajo tacos). Smithsonian Magazine. Alaska Public Media 2022. Pretty good, I like how he makes them big, too. Make sure the dough is smooth and soft. During the 1860s, the Navajo people and other tribes were resettled onto reservations in eastern New Mexico. Your email address will not be published. (Photo by Jeremy Hsieh/KTOO), Garfield Katasse shows off a hot, fresh piece of fry bread. Amount is based on available nutrient data. After rising, it is time to shape the pieces. Book 5 in the Sally Solari Mystery series is now available! Alaska Natives learned to trade goods for flour, sugar and other food staples. Flour, sugar and lard were introduced to Native populations by early white settlers to North America and later by the U.S. government. ALASKA FRY BREAD Thanks for letting me come visit, Chicks! I now take it back and I freezeem, take it back and I can haveem later. Fry bread: An Alaska Native treat with a mysterious origin June 23, 2014 by Jeremy Hsieh, KTOO 00:00 00:00 Hot canola oil pangs off a stainless steel tub under the watch of a local fry. With a deft hand, she stretches a piece one direction, then pulls it in the opposite direction. The way to make frybread varies across the state. He does the best fry bread, says Bettyann Boyd. Garfield Katasse is the big guy under the tent by the Garfields Famous Fry Bread banner. He says his disability makes it tough for him to work a regular job, but it also lets him travel and sell fry bread to thousands during events and festivals. Book 1 in the Night Market Mystery series, Book 3 in the Sassy Cat Mystery series, and book 3 in the Winston Wong Cozy Mystery series are now available! When the dough rises, the oil is hot enough, she said. Its the super-sized version of a White Castle Burger! Carmen Plunkett, whos from Juneau but now lives in California, was carefully packaging up eight pieces of the plate-sized treats. Dwayne Lewis, a Navajo and owner of the restaurant Sacred Hogan Navajo Frybread in Phoenix, says he doesnt have any theories about how it got to Alaska. yeast or 1 envelope Facebook gives people the. Darrin Austin puts butter and powdered sugar on his fry bread. smaller "puffs" just by dropping by heaping Book 3 in the Crossword Mystery series and book 3 in the Mystery Writer's Mystery series are now available! ), The Spruce Eats uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. She then cuts the strip into smaller pieces. Native American Fry Bread Recipe courtesy of The Spruce East, Prep: 10 minutes Fried bread dough is not the healthiest of foods with its high fat content, yet the Navajo and many other Native American groups hold cultural connections to frybread. To a large bowl, add 5 pounds of flour, dry milk, sugar and salt. View the profiles of people named Alaska Fry Bread. Traditionally, I've seen it served hot with a drizzle of honey, or with jam made from local berries. In the 1860s, the U.S. government forced the Navajo and other Southwest Native American groups to relocate to a doomed settlement called Bosque Redondo Indian Reservation. Frybread is considered a traditional Alaska Native and Native American food, although it is not really part of a true subsistence diet of indigenous people. Keenan calls the 49th state home. Serve the bread as a taco salad base or with taco toppings (popularly called Navajo tacos). If you need to store leftovers, keep it at room temperature loosely wrapped in plastic or in an unsealed plastic bag for up to 2 days. Native American fry bread and sopapillas are two types that are nearly identical and have similar origins. We were at the shuttle bus stop on Broadway at 3rd when I spotted the sign for Fry Bread. Plunkett says she never thought about it. Published: Jun. Diana Campbell is a Gwichin/Alutiiq writer. For instance, when making tacos, start with a very thin dough (less than 1/4 inch). Check out this recipe for delicious Native-American fry bread, provided by Navajo Chef, Freddie Bitsoie, as seen on PBS Food's Lidia Celebrates America; Part 4: Ancient Navajo House Blessing. The history of frybread illustrates the impacts early colonialism had on Native Americans. Sprinkle the fry bread with a little cinnamon and sugar. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . You got to stay by the oil.. Cruising to Alaska is so much fun because you get to try new things! Its enjoyed all over the U.S. and is easily found throughout the Southwest. When the oil is hot*, put in the dough, a couple pieces at a time. For better results, freeze the uncooked dough when it's still in the ball shape using the same type of packaging. In a deep, 10-inch cast-iron skillet or heavy saucepan, heat about 1 inch of oil to 350 F. Meanwhile, combine the flour, baking powder, and salt in a bowl. Drop the batter by a spoonfuls or ladle Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. This 4K views, 97 likes, 74 loves, 18 comments, 86 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from I am Alaska Native: My mom making frybread, ingredients are listed in the video, it's sped up but you can still see. Paug-Vik Inc. Ltd. Office Mile 1 Naknek, AK 99633. Recipe can be halved. How its come to be so closely associated with Alaska Native cultures is a bit of mystery. Alaska fry bread recipe In a deep, 10-inch cast-iron skillet or heavy saucepan, heat about 1 inch of oil to 350 F. The dough is crispy on the outside with different "pockets" of either light airiness or chewy doughiness spread throughout the "doughboy". Be sure to make the circles of dough very thin for this use. We love our fry bread, as you can tell, Plunkett says. Freelance writer and cocktail book author Colleen Graham is a seasoned mixologist who loves sharing her knowledge of spirits and passion for preparing drinks. oilto fry It will sink to the bottom, but when the oil is hot enough, the dough will float. First Gen to Next Gen: UA Grad Helps Recruit Students, Turning Roadblocks Into Leverage, Graduate Finds New Path, Dr. G. Christine Taylor Vice President and Associate Provost, DEI 313 Rose Admin Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 205-348-2053 christine.taylor@ua.edu, Copyright 2023 The University of Alabama I just know it brings a lot of people together, she says. Alaska Fry Bread - Chicks on the Case Tag: Alaska Fry Bread Guest Post Keenan Powell: a Taste of Alaska The Chicks are thrilled to welcome back Keenan Powell, author of the gripping Maeve Malloy Mysteries. Fry in 1-inch deep hot shortening one at a time until golden brown, 1 to 2 minutes per side. (Photo by Jeremy Hsieh/KTOO), Fry bread cooks in canola oil. Watch short videos about #alaskanfrybread on TikTok. Just like a yeast bread recipe. Dixie Alexander, seated, at right, oversees a frybread class with tables of bread ready to go into a fryer. It refers to the practice of relying on the surrounding environment as a source of food and materials for daily living. "This is one of the quickest fried food recipes Ive encountered. One person may poke holes in the dough for even cooking, and others depend on even stretching of the dough for the perfect fry. The cultural impact of frybread on Alaska, When the dough has risen, dump it onto the table. He does the best fry bread, says Bettyann Boyd. High -6F. Again, traditionally, Crisco is used because it keeps well, although some people like to use canola oil. Through the years, different tribes have customized their ways of making frybread, though the main ingredients are flour, sugar and water with some type of fat to fry it in. Hot canola oil pangs off a stainless steel tub under the watch of a local fry bread master. Once the dough is frying, the cook cant leave the post, Alexander said. 1 cup water (about) Book 3 in the Catering Hall Mystery series and Book 7 in the Cajun Country Mystery series are now available! Twisted Alaskan - Waffle cut sweet potato fries topped with pulled pork, black beans, lightly sauted red peppers, onions, corn salsa, and fresh jalapenos. alaskan fry bread | 899 people have watched this. 2 Tbs. Frybread being cooked in a cast iron skillet during a funeral potlatch in Tanana, Alaska. Our partner in public broadcasting: Combine all dry ingredients in medium mixing bowl and mix well. Dust fry bread with powdered sugar and add a drizzle of honey or syrup. There's no need to go looking for it because it's surprisingly quick and easy to make at home. sugar She use a large bowl and poured an unmeasured amount of flour into it. They are made to order and come out fast right in front of you so you can see them being fried, coated, and served right in your hands. If using lard to fry the bread, make sure that you use about 2 1/2 cups of lard instead of the 3 cups of vegetable oil. Katasse keeps his recipe under wraps, but does share one key additive. He goes through 175 pounds of dough a day, all mixed by hand. Many Native American groups around the country have variations of fry bread. Make a depression in the center of each round of dough (it will puff up while frying). Alaska Fry Bread - Read online for free. If desired, you can make Instructor Dixie Alexander turns some of the frybread dough into rolls. Heat shortening in a heavy saucepan to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Troopers, city police involved in downtown standoff, American Eagle in Fairbanks closes today as part of brand's downsizing, Alaska woman becomes one of only 1,300 Master Certified Coaches, Man convicted of killing Fairbanks police officer appealing his case, Lt. Davis recently returned from the FBI Academy, Self-proclaimed 'bike nerd' pedals his own dream, Homeless man who died from exposure likely lost tent in fire, Assembly narrowly votes down contentious trail ordinance, Six road service areas receive borough grants, Fairbanks man pleads guilty to manslaughter in shooting death of his sister. And its crispy, fresh out of the oil.. Boyd says she doesnt know much about its history in Alaska. Alexander thinks frybread came to Interior Alaska by way of the Northern Commercial Company, a one-time goods store in Alaska, as well as from missionaries. 10 people file to fill Jamie Allards Anchorage Assembly seat, Alaska News Nightly: Tuesday, January 17, 2023, Alaskas cold climate luck with three consecutive La Nia years is about to run out. When in Skagway, make sure to try the Alaska Fry Bread. Ingredients 4 cups all-purpose flour 2 tablespoons baking powder 2 teaspoons salt 2-4 cups warm to very warm water 4 cups canola oil Directions Combine all dry ingredients in medium mixing bowl and. You know, my day starts (at) 4 oclock in the morning, and doesnt end til 10:30 at night, Katasse says. I love Garfields fried bread. Darrin Austin doesnt have a trace of ambivalence while he eats. It can also be turned into breadsticks, as seen here. Carefully slide 1 or 2 pieces of dough into the hot oil. Alexander dumps a bowl onto a table and slices a strip off the edge of the soft disc. Yield: 4 loaves. * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. He remembers his grandma saying fry bread was first created when the government was rationing food to the Navajo. | Accessibility, 3 cups vegetable oil or shortening (enough for 1-inch depth, for frying), 1 cup all-purpose flour, plus more for dusting. With a knife, cut 2, /2 inch slices off the dough disk. Set in a greased bowl, cover and let rise for one hour. So delicious. Traditionally, Ive seen it served hot with a drizzle of honey, or with jam made from local berries. They have three daughters and two grandchildren. This recipe makes four small fry breadloaves. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. She lives in Fairbanks with her husband, Mack Campbell. Join Facebook to connect with Alaska Fry Bread and others you may know. In my new book, Hemlock Needle, there is a holiday potluck where no doubt someone would have brought fry bread. Stir sugar and salt into the milk, then add 2 cups of flour and stir it in. Winds light and variable.. Cover, set aside, and allow the dough to rest. She is already an accomplished home baker. in melted butter then in sugar. New posts every Monday, Wednesday and Friday! The popcorn method is another option: Place a kernel of popcorn in the oil, and it will pop when the oil reaches 350 to 360 F. Meanwhile, combine the flour, baking powder, and salt in a bowl. 20, 2022 at 1:35 PM PDT SKAGWAY, Alaska (KTUU) - When tourists get off of the cruise ships in Skagway the first thing they do is start walking around town and the perfect food for walking is fry bread. I say my prayers every time I do 10 pounds of dough, for everybody that walks across my booth, buys bread, that they would be blessed and nourished, Katasse says. It can easily be scaled up for a larger family. Once you learn how easy it is to make from scratch and how delicious fry bread is, youll find lots of ways to enjoy it. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Copyright 1995 - 2023 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). Some people use yeast or sourdough starter for risers in the dough, while others may use just baking soda. whole Alaskan king crab, purple snow peas, lemon ice box cake, corn nuts (Bobby's choice) . Shape dough into twelve 3-inch diameter ball. (Nutrition information is calculated using an ingredient database and should be considered an estimate. Add water till a thick batter forms. Topped with a mustard/cream cheese. workforce and strategic partnerships. ** Nutrient information is not available for all ingredients. Add about 3 cups of water and knead very well using hands or stand mixer. Dust fry bread with powdered sugar and add a drizzle of honey or syrup. Many cultures throughout the world have a version of fried bread. Download. When people ask him, Whats your secret? he says thats it. Everyone in the class ends up with a soccer ball size piece of dough once the ingredients are mixed. How its come to be so closely associated with Alaska Native cultures is a bit of mystery. In a deep, 10-inch cast-iron skillet or heavy saucepan, heat about 1 inch of oil to 350 F. If you don't have a deep-fry thermometer to attach to the pan, dip the handle end of a wooden spoon in the oil. If you are following a medically restrictive diet, please consult your doctor or registered dietitian before preparing this recipe for personal consumption. Even in the rain, Katasses customers keep queuing up in the parking lot where hes set up for a few days. This beautiful state also has a claim to some delicious local dishes such as yak burgers, fry bread, smoked salmon, and blueberry cobbler. I never questioned it because it was part of our, you know, what we ate, Plunkett says. He grew up in Juneau, but lives in Albuquerque and Anchorage most of the year. Mix together well. Darrin Austin doesnt have a trace of ambivalence while he eats. The Chicks are thrilled to welcome back Keenan Powell, author of the gripping Maeve Malloy Mysteries. Ingredients 3 cups vegetable oil or shortening (enough for 1-inch depth, for frying) 1 cup all-purpose flour, plus more for dusting 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder 1/4 teaspoon salt 1/2 cup milk Steps to Make It Gather the ingredients. It is so good! Mix it all together. With this cookbook, youre never more than a few steps away from a down home dinner. I love Garfields fried bread. Thaw the dough overnight in the refrigerator, unwrap it and let it reach room temperature before shaping and frying as normal. Be sure to make the circles of dough very thin for this use. 1-1/2 cup Fry till browned on each side (try to turn only once ). It's also a tasty snack when served with honey, maple syrup, or fruit jam or preserves. Add just a tiny bit of salt. Cause theres no I cant cook it myself.. I should know how to make frybread, she said. You can unsubscribe anytime. heavily with granulated sugar mixed with cinnamon or dip Be careful not to knead the dough too much because the bread will be hard and tough. Many Native American groups around the country have variations of fry bread. Lots of free coloring pages and original craft projects, crochet and k Pretty good, I like how he makes them big, too. To reheat it, wrap the bread individually in foil and bake in a 375 F oven for about 10 to 12 minutes. Serve immediately. When I hear the Fry Bread people are near, I have to go and get the thing they make with with sweet potato, corn, black beans and jalapeno. There are many recipes for fry bread, varying with the region and tribe. Drizzled w/ sweet BBQ sauce. If the milk gets a bit foamy, its alive. Garfield Katasse is the big guy under the tent by the Garfields Famous Fry Bread banner. Her eyes widened with appreciation and she took another bite. - Our Denali size sandwich is served on an Amoroso roll and smothered with white American cheese, sauteed peppers, onions, and mushrooms. Sorry, there are no recent results for popular collections. (Photo by Jeremy Hsieh/KTOO), Garfield Katasse mixes his fry bread dough and shapes each piece by hand. Stir in warm water and knead until soft but not sticky. Shop over 850,000 designs They are also served at the tsunami party, and mentioned in one of the flashback scenes with Liz and Miss Busy Mouth Holton. When cooking a larger batch, keep finished fry bread warm in the oven. Cook each side until nice and brown. salt I dig into questions about the forces and institutions that shape Juneau, big and small, delightful and outrageous. Just like a yeast bread recipe. Fry for about 1 to 2 minutes on each side, or until lightly browned. Boyd says she doesnt know much about its history in Alaska. They're also delicious with chili or a hearty stew. It can easily be scaled up for a larger family. Combine flour, baking powder, and salt in a large bowl. by General Manager | May 26, 2015 | Native Recipes | 0 comments. will give you a large disc. Oct 17, 2012 - Lots of free coloring pages and original craft projects, crochet and knitting patterns, printable boxes, cards, and recipes. Frybread teacher Dixie Alexander holds up a big bowl of dough after it has risen and doubled in size after adding yeast. Hunting and fishing yielded the animal flesh, skin, and bone that have been year-round mainstays in the Alaskan diet and tribal life. The recipes for each vary greatly, though sopapillas most often use shortening and water rather than fry bread's milk. On days like this during a big Native cultural convention, Katasse spends hours on his feet, patiently working the dough and frying it up piece after piece after piece. Jane E. Boston, MA. I just know it brings a lot of people together, she says. Slow roasted hand pulled pork topped with zesty coleslaw sweet BBQ and our tangy Carolina BBQ sauce. It's also a tasty snack when served with honey, maple syrup, or fruit jam or preserves. You have permission to edit this article. tablespoonfuls. He remembers his grandma saying fry bread was first created when the government was rationing food to the Navajo. | Disclaimer into the warm oil, spreading batter as thin as possible Book 2 in the Starlit Bookshop Mystery series and book 5 in the Lila Maclean Academic Mystery series are now available! to build on its core principles of inclusiveness in learning environments, programs, Book 3 in the Maggie O'Malley Mystery series is now available! Update the categories youd like to receive notifications about. Theres a funny squeal coming from the headphones Katasse wears, plugged into a gadget clipped to the collar of his hoodie. By the end of Katasses first week in town, shed eaten four pieces. Low -11F. Fry in 1-inch deep hot shortening one at a time until golden brown, 1 to 2 minutes per side. Flatten into 1/2-inch-thick patties, and make a small hole in the center of each patty. He goes through 175 pounds of dough a day, all mixed by hand. Miller, Jen. Once the edges of the dough are golden, turn the. 1/2 tsp. It can be eaten plain or with a sweet or savory topping. Instead of being made with baking powder, water, flour and salt, it is made with yeast, flour, dry milk, water, salt, and usually some sort of sweetener. Even without four walls or a roof over his business, hes become a local institution. Toppings may vary, however, we will always have a cheese as well as a cheese & pepperoni Sides/Starters There should be 8 balls total. Drain on paper towels. He grew up in Juneau, but lives in Albuquerque and Anchorage most of the year. She cautions the class not to play with the dough too much or it will be just like (a) cracker.. Alaskan fry bread is different than fry bread down south. Get notifications about news related to the topics you care about. Cut hot fry bread into wedges and serve with salsa or a dipping sauce. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Southern-cuisine expert and cookbook author Diana Rattray has created more than 5,000 recipes and articles in her 20 years as a food writer. If using shortening instead of vegetable oil, you will need about 2 1/4 cups for frying. Mystery writers with a killer sense of humor. Alaska Native Arts & Culture| Syndicated. Mix the baking powder and salt into the flour, then dump in the shortening. Make a well in the center of the flour mixture and pour oil into it. Sometimes, he sells fry bread topped with Mexican ingredients as an Indian taco, though he personally enjoys it with salmon and green chili. | Privacy Today, she shares a recipe for one of the states iconic treats. For instance, when making tacos, start with a very thin dough (less than 1/4 inch). When people ask him, Whats your secret? he says thats it. Make a depression in the center of each round of dough (it will puff up while frying). with back of spoon so batter almost fills the pot. Hinckley waited as long as she could for the frybread to cool before she popped a morsel into her mouth. Divide the dough into 4 uniform pieces and shape each into a ball.

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