October 10, 2012, 11:40 AM Live Oct. 11, 2012 -- Ernest Shackleton ought to have died on the Antarctic ice. Launched in August 1914, the expedition became one of the most famous survival stories of all time after . [97] This was the first time they had stood on solid ground for 497days. Some of the polar ships were built with a hull shape that allowed them to rise up if being crushed by pack ice. In 1915, polar explorer Ernest Shackleton's ship became trapped in ice, north of Antarctica. In 1914, Shackleton set out from England to cross Antarctica on foot. Captain Scott and Captain Shackleton: A 100 Year Old Expedition. In January 2013, a joint British-Australian team set out to duplicate Shackleton's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean. Shackleton abandoned one cherished goal and shouldered . In 2017 Nancy Koehn argued that, in spite of Shackleton's mistakes, financial problems and narcissism, he developed the capability to be successful. [12] The options available were a Royal Navy cadetship at Britannia, which Shackleton could not afford; the mercantile marine cadet ships Worcester and Conway; or an apprenticeship "before the mast" on a sailing vessel. 2d. Scott's . [f][75] The transcontinental journey, in Shackleton's words, was the "one great object of Antarctic journeyings" remaining, now open to him. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family[1] moved to Sydenham in suburban south London when he was ten. Stark images of Shackleton's struggle. [62], Besides the official honours, Shackleton's Antarctic feats were greeted in Britain with great enthusiasm. At 47 years old, Shackleton was on his fourth journey to Antarctica, and the third he had led. He was forced to make an 800-mile open boat journey, then cross the island of South Georgia, before the ship's crew could be rescued. They found that the Barrier Inlet had expanded to form a large bay, in which were hundreds of whales, which led to the immediate christening of the area as the Bay of Whales. But he is best known for his heroic leadership after his ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice at the start of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-17. [150], Shackleton's death marked the end of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, a period of discovery characterised by journeys of geographical and scientific exploration in a largely unknown continent without any of the benefits of modern travel methods or radio communication. [69] Fridtjof Nansen sent an effusive private letter to Emily Shackleton, praising the "unique expedition which has been such a complete success in every respect". [86][87], Endurance departed from South Georgia for the Weddell Sea on 5 December, heading for Vahsel Bay. Although he'd been sent home from the trip due to ill health, Shackleton vowed to return to the Antarctic and prove himself as a polar explorer. He also assisted in the equipping of the Argentine Uruguay, which was being fitted out for the relief of the stranded Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjld. This allowed for Shackleton to remain in control of the morale of his crew members. [7], In 1880, when Ernest was six, Henry Shackleton gave up his life as a landowner to study medicine at Trinity College, Dublin (TCD), moving his family to the city. Omissions? Who were the first people to go to. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton attended Dulwich College from 1887 until 1890. he wanted to go to antarctica for a little trip but in the end his boat got crushed by pack ice. Shackleton's mind turned to a project that had been announced, and then abandoned, by the British explorer William Speirs Bruce, for a continental crossing, from a landing in the Weddell Sea, via the South Pole to McMurdo Sound. [83] He ultimately selected a crew of 56, twenty-eight on each ship. In 1901, Shackleton was chosen to go on the Antarctic expedition led by British naval officer Robert Falcon Scott on the ship 'Discovery'. [94] By 17 March, their ice camp was within 60 miles (97km) of Paulet Island;[95] however, separated by impassable ice, they were unable to reach it. When Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition left South Georgia Island on 5 December 1914 to assist his bid to be the first to cross the Antarctic continent, he had no idea that a year and a half later he would end up on a rescue mission trekking across the very same subantarctic island where he started. This ignited his passion for Antarctic . [99], On 9 March 2022, it was announced that the Endurance had been located 4 miles (6.4km) from the location where it was lost, 10,000 feet (3,000m) below the surface. [126] On 16 September 1921, Shackleton recorded a farewell address on a sound-on-film system created by Harry Grindell Matthews, who claimed it was the first "talking picture" ever made. [h][102][103] Not only did Shackleton recognise their value for the job but also because he knew the potential risk they were to morale. [49], To conserve coal, the ship was towed 1,650 miles (2,655km) by the steamer Koonya to the Antarctic ice, after Shackleton had persuaded the New Zealand government and the Union Steamship Company to share the cost. This is the latest accepted revision . [139], During the ensuing decades Shackleton's status as a polar hero was generally outshone by that of Captain Scott, whose polar party had by 1925 been commemorated on more than 30 monuments in Britain alone, including stained glass windows, statues, busts and memorial tablets. On the contrary, his heart belonged to this great continent, and in 1921 he decided to go back with the Shackleton-Rowett Expedition. They set sail again on New Year's Day, 1908. 2010-02-16 16:39:59. Ernest H. Shackleton 1874-1922. [98] Shackleton's concern for his men was such that he gave his mittens to photographer Frank Hurley, who had lost his during the boat journey. [46] Before leaving England, he had been pressured to give an undertaking to Scott that he would not base himself in the McMurdo area, which Scott was claiming as his own field of work. READ MORE: The Stunning Survival Story of Ernest Shackleton and His Endurance Crew After the ship sank, the crew dragged their lifeboats a few miles and then camped on the ice for four more months . Shackleton then worked hard to persuade others of his wealthy friends and acquaintances to contribute, including Sir Philip Lee Brocklehurst, who subscribed 2,000 (approximately equivalent to 212,000 in 2019) to secure a place on the expedition;[46] author Campbell Mackellar; and Guinness baron Lord Iveagh, whose contribution was secured less than two weeks before the departure of the expedition ship Nimrod. [16][17] Although officially on leave from Union-Castle, this was in fact the end of Shackleton's Merchant Navy service. [84], Despite the outbreak of the First World War on 3 August 1914, Endurance was directed by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, to "proceed",[g] and left British waters on 8 August. [8] Four years later, the family moved again, from Ireland to Sydenham in suburban London. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 December 2011 (M.P.C. He was planning to cross it. [a][30] The journey was marred by the poor performance of the dogs, whose food had become tainted, and who rapidly fell sick. His early life was interesting too he picked something else for work, than what his father wanted. There is a legend that Shackleton posted an advertisement which emphasised the hardship and danger of the voyage, so that he could better narrow down and select candidates for his expedition, but no record of any such advertisement has survived and its existence is considered doubtful. [147] Other management writers soon followed this lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing order from chaos. [156] Asteroid 289586 Shackleton, discovered by Swiss amateur astronomer Michel Ory in 2005, was named in his memory. [169], "Shackleton" redirects here. His first expedition, Discovery, took place between 1901 and 1903. On the return journey, Shackleton had by his own admission "broken down" and could no longer carry out his share of the work.[32]. Hussey returned to South Georgia with the body on the steamer Woodville, and on 5 March 1922, Shackleton was buried in the Grytviken cemetery, South Georgia, after a short service in the Lutheran church,[131] with Edward Binnie officiating. [136] Lady Shackleton survived her husband by 14 years, dying in 1936. Alternate titles: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton. Under treacherous conditions, Shackleton's perilous journey and the subsequent rescue of all his men remains one of the most heroic stories of all time. Why is Ernest Shackleton famous? Shackleton was born on 15 February 1874, in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland. He joined the merchant navy when he was 16 and worked on many different ships. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton is best known as a polar explorer who was associated with four expeditions exploring Antarctica, particularly the Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (191416) that he led, which, although unsuccessful, became famous as a tale of remarkable perseverance and survival. Shackleton's first solo expedition King Edward VII received him on 10 July and raised him to a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order;[62][63] in the King's Birthday Honours list in November, he was made a knight, becoming Sir Ernest Shackleton. He then sought to cash in on his celebrity by making a fortune in the business world. He thought seriously of going to the Beaufort Sea area of the Arctic, a largely unexplored region, and raised some interest in this idea from the Canadian government. [110] The Yelcho took the crew first to Punta Arenas and after some days to Valparaiso in Chile where crowds warmly welcomed them back to civilisation. He became a farmer instead, settling in Kilkea. The inscription on the rough-hewn granite block set to mark the spot reads: "Frank Wild 18731939, Shackleton's right-hand man. [b][43] In the meantime he had taken a job with wealthy Clydeside industrialist William Beardmore (later Lord Invernairn), with a roving commission which involved interviewing prospective clients and entertaining Beardmore's business friends. His health suffered, and he was removed from duty and sent home on the supply ship Morning in March 1903. Also, members of his team climbed Mount Erebus, the most active Antarctic volcano. Why did Ernest shackleton go to antarctica? At the same time, attitudes towards Scott were gradually changing as a more critical note was sounded in the literature, culminating in Roland Huntford's 1979 treatment of him in his dual biography Scott and Amundsen, described by Barczewski as a "devastating attack". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [101] Ship's carpenter Harry McNish made various improvements, including raising the sides, strengthening the keel, building a makeshift deck of wood and canvas, and sealing the work with oil paint and seal blood.[101]. [8] However, Shackleton took lifelong pride in his Irish roots, and frequently declared, "I am an Irishman". Ernest Shackleton took Spratt's on his Nimrod (1907-1909) and Endurance (1914-1917) expeditions, where they were part of a doggy diet that also included seal meat, blubber, biscuits and pemmican, a high-energy mix of fat and protein.
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