[165], Areas managed by the National Park Service include:[166], Montana is a large state with considerable variation in geography, topography and elevation, and the climate is equally varied. The state is situated in the Northern Rockies and Plains region in the northwestern United States. [53] Significant drops occurred following the drought in 1919. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state. and continues to do so. Land United States: The northern Mountain region Montana The western two-fifths of Montana falls within the Rocky Mountains, and the eastern three-fifths lies upon the Great Plains. [172][174] Winters are warmer, too, and have fewer cold spells. [86] The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. Brokered by 4 Seasons Real Estate. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. [153] Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. For Sale. The geographic center of population of Montana is in sparsely populated Meagher County, in the town of White Sulphur Springs. In 1985, the Montana Legislature passed a law allowing towns with fewer than 5,500 residents and unincorporated communities with fewer than 2,500 to levy a resort tax if more than half the community's income came from tourism. Billings Pulitzer Prize winner Wallace Earle Stegner from Great Falls was often called "The Dean of Western Writers". [197] Of Montana's 56 counties, Native Americans constitute a majority in three: Big Horn, Glacier, and Roosevelt. The state is situated in the Northern Rockies and Plains region in the northwestern United States. [24] The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. Montana has quickly become a coveted travel destination. The constitution was narrowly approved, 116,415 to 113,883, and declared ratified on June 20, 1972. Sidney Edgerton served as the first territorial governor. This created Montana's 1st congressional district in the west and Montana's 2nd congressional district in the east. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. Each court member served a six-year term. This article in a Butte newspaper celebrates "the blessings of true citizenship". Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? [138] Montana also claims the disputed title of possessing the world's shortest river, the Roe River, just outside Great Falls. 1 bath. The legislature increased the number of justices to five in 1919. The Montana Act led to the arrest of more than 200 individuals and the conviction of 78, mostly of German or Austrian descent. March 2 March 4, 2023. The US Department of Agriculture approved the first honey bee vaccine to target American foulbrood, an aggressive bacterial disease. [161][a] Since re-introduction the gray wolf population has stabilized at about 900 animals, and they have been delisted as endangered. Several species of sagebrush and cactus and many species of grasses are common. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. "[209] It is the only state in the U.S. with such a constitutional mandate. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. Brian Morris, who served as an associate justice of the Montana Supreme Court from 2005 to 2013, currently serves as a judge on the court. [286], Montana does not have a Trauma I hospital but does have Trauma II hospitals in Missoula, Billings, and Great Falls. [70][71] Air bases were built in Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank, and Glasgow, some of which were used as staging areas to prepare planes to be sent to allied forces in the Soviet Union. Population (2020) 1,084,225. Contents 1 Indigenous peoples 2 Louisiana Purchase 3 Lewis and Clark Expedition 4 First settlements 5 Military history 5.1 Fort Benton 5.2 Fort Ellis 5.3 Fort Shaw 6 Montana Territory 7 Indian Wars 7.1 Battle of the Little Big Horn 7.2 Northern Cheyenne exodus The District Courts suffer from excessive workload, and the legislature has struggled to find a solution to the problem. [325] Montana's population grew at about the national average during the 2000s, but it failed to regain its second seat in 2010. Everyone wants the money and Montana Shakespeare in the Parks has been performing free, live theatrical productions of Shakespeare and other classics throughout Montana and the Northwest region since 1973. However, the grizzly bear and Canadian lynx are listed as a threatened species only for the mainland 48 states. These included a Native American language (64%), German (4%), Spanish (3%), Russian (1%), and Chinese (less than 0.5%).[224]. About 20003000 Chinese miners were in the mining areas of Montana by 1870, and 2500 in 1890. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. [110] Surface soils in the area are highly diverse, and greatly affected by the local geology, whether glaciated plain, intermountain basin, mountain foothills, or tableland. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. There are five public service commissioners, who are elected on a regional basis. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. [56] As a result, farm sizes increased while the number of farms decreased. In the reapportionment following the 1990 census, Montana lost one of its House seats. [172] The glaciers in Glacier National Park have receded and are predicted to melt away completely in a few decades. [315], Montana has three branches of state government: legislative, executive, and judicial. [184] Based on 2013 census numbers, they contain 35 percent of Montana's population,[185] and the counties in which they are located are home to 62 percent of the state's population.[186]. The smaller Pend d'Oreille and Kalispel tribes lived near Flathead Lake and the western mountains, respectively. Weather and agricultural conditions are much harsher and drier west of the 100th meridian. The front is often well defined, causing a large temperature drop in a 24-hour period. Major battles occurred in Montana during Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War and in conflicts with Piegan Blackfeet. Many individuals claiming conscientious objector status from throughout the U.S. were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.[70]. [168] An area southwest of Belfry averaged only 6.59 inches (167mm) over a 16-year period. The amount of property tax owed is not determined solely by the property's value. The Continental Divide has a considerable effect on the climate, as it restricts the flow of warmer air from the Pacific from moving east, and drier continental air from moving west. Both members, however, were still elected at-large. EXECUTIVE MANSION, These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873, a financial crisis that delayed the construction of the railroad into Montana. [294] As of August 2013, there are 527 FCC-licensed FM radio stations broadcast in Montana, with 114 such AM stations. [287] In 2013, AARP The Magazine named the Billings Clinic one of the safest hospitals in the United States. [67] In addition, the Council of Defense was made a state agency with the power to prosecute and punish individuals deemed in violation of the Act. [313], The 1972 constitution requires that voters determine every 20 years whether to hold a new constitutional convention. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. There are approximately 3,300,000 acres (13,000km2) of wilderness in 12 separate wilderness areas that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System established by the Wilderness Act of 1964. [59], War sentiment was complicated by labor issues. 1 bed. The richest of all gold placer diggings was discovered at Alder Gulch, where the town of Virginia City was established. [284], Snow coach tours are offered at Big Sky, Whitefish, West Yellowstone and into Yellowstone National Park. The Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation manages 5,200,000 acres (21,000km2) of School Trust Land ceded by the federal government under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to the state in 1889 when Montana was granted statehood. [65], An economic depression began in Montana after World War I and lasted through the Great Depression until the beginning of World War II. The latest resources and information from the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services can be found below. Between many mountain ranges are several rich river valleys. Montana's teacher shortage has improved from the 2021-22 school year. [59], In the wake of the legislative action in 1918, emotions rose. The latest resources and information from the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services can be found below. COVID-19 Vaccine Availability by County Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, mining, and lumber. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. The Worker's Compensation Court has statewide jurisdiction and holds trials in Billings, Great Falls, Helena, Kalispell, and Missoula. As settlers began populating Montana from the 1850s through the 1870s, disputes with Native Americans ensued, primarily over land ownership and control. Montana and South Dakota are the only states to share a land border that is not traversed by a paved road. [189] The city having the largest percentage growth was Kalispell, with 40.1%, and the city with the largest increase in actual residents was Billings, with an increase in population of 14,323 from 2000 to 2010. [77] Most of Montana's hundred or more named mountain ranges are in the state's western half, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the northern Rocky Mountains. Montana Old West Ghost Towns Private VIP Tour - From West Yellowstone MT 2 Bus Tours from $350.00 per adult Indy 650 Snowmobile Rental 7 Rentals from $199.00 per group (up to 2) Combo: Scenic Drive & 2hr Snowshoeing Tour in Glacier National Park 2 Adventure Tours from $375.00 per adult (price varies by group size) Top Attractions in Montana See all [203], Montana's Hispanic population is concentrated in the Billings area in south-central Montana, where many of Montana's Mexican-Americans have been in the state for generations. The first state governor was Joseph K. Experts estimate that around 13million bison roamed Montana in 1870. The aptly-named Heart of Montana is an outdoor recreation paradise: hunting, fishing, skiing, hiking and biking are just a few of the possibilities for those of you who enjoy the great outdoors. When a suitcase full of money disappears, the members of the gang quickly turn on each other. [234], In the 1980s the absence of a sales tax became economically deleterious to communities bound to the state's tourism industry, as the revenue from income and property taxes provided by residents was grossly insignificant in regards to paying for the impact of non-residential travelespecially road repair. [29], Cattle ranching has been central to Montana's history and economy since Johnny Grant began wintering cattle in the Deer Lodge Valley in the 1850s and traded cattle fattened in fertile Montana valleys with emigrants on the Oregon Trail. [188] The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415. [242] Madison County was the first to take advantage of the newly authorized taxes and it formed the first public school in Virginia City in 1886. There is a Youth Court in every judicial district, and decisions of the Youth Court are appealable directly to the Montana Supreme Court. The Yellowstone River rises on the Continental Divide near Younts Peak in Wyoming's Teton Wilderness. Current law allows both hunters and trappers specified numbers ("limits") of wolves and mountain lions. [33][34] The Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site in Deer Lodge is maintained today as a link to the ranching style of the late 19th century. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. The incorporated places are made up of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two consolidated city-counties. The mountains can receive over 100 inches (2,500mm), for example the Grinnell Glacier in Glacier National Park gets 105 inches (2,700mm). The extraordinary discoveries and reports from these expeditions led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park in 1872. There are fall bow and general hunting seasons for elk, pronghorn antelope, whitetail deer and mule deer. [18] In the 1850s, settlers began moving into the Beaverhead and Big Hole valleys from the Oregon Trail and into the Clark's Fork valley.[19]. With Kyra Sedgwick, Stanley Tucci, Robin Tunney, Robbie Coltrane. The constitution requires the establishment of a Montana Supreme Court and Montana District Courts, and permits the legislature to establish Justice Courts, City Courts, Municipal Courts, and other inferior courts such as the legislature sees fit to establish. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? This represented a manpower contribution to the war that was 25% higher than any other state on a per capita basis. [26], Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for many centuries, were being destroyed. The honyocker was farmer, spinster, deep-sea diver; fiddler, physician, bartender, cook. [192] The largest European ancestry groups in Montana as of 2010 were: German (27.0%), Irish (14.8%), English (12.6%), Norwegian (10.9%), French (4.7%), and Italian (3.4%). Baseball is the minor-league sport with the longest heritage in the state and Montana is home to three independent teams, all members of the Pioneer League: the Billings Mustangs, Great Falls Voyagers, and Missoula PaddleHeads. Area 147,040 square miles (380,832 square km). [109] Known as laccoliths, they formed when igneous rock protruded through cracks in the sedimentary rock. Intercity bus service in Montana is provided by Jefferson Lines and Express Arrow. Most of the larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 meters of snow each year. [228] In 2014, 30% of the population was irreligious, and in 2020's separate study, 34% of the population were irreligious. [212] The state was sued in 2004 because of lack of funding, and the state has increased its support of the program. Vegetation of the state includes lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, larch, spruce, aspen, birch, red cedar, hemlock, ash, alder, rocky mountain maple and cottonwood trees. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. [89] It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada. Federal and state agencies administer approximately 31,300,000 acres (127,000km2), or 35 percent of Montana's land. [319] Also notable is Representative (later Senator) Thomas H. Carter, the first Catholic to serve as chairman of the Republican National Committee (from 1892 to 1896).[320]. Email agent. [171], Average annual precipitation is 15 inches (380mm), but great variations are seen. The University of Montana "was the first to establish dual admission agreements with all of the tribal colleges and as such it was the first institution in the nation to actively facilitate student transfer from the tribal colleges."[211]. Note: Births in table do not add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. Montana's Official State Website - VISITOR INFORMATION EMPLOYMENT RESIDENTS BUSINESS ONLINE SERVICES GOVERNMENT VISITING ABOUT MONTANA EDUCATION STATE CAREERS JOB SEEKER RESOURCES INFORMATION AND RESOURCES MONTANA JOB SERVICE RESOURCES INTERACT WITH YOUR STATE GOVERNMENT Robinson. [289], Montana had a suicide rate of 26.1 per 100,000 in 2020, which is the 3rd-highest among U.S. states; high suicide rates are common among sparsely-populated states in the United States The wheat farms in eastern Montana make the state a major producer; the wheat has a relatively high protein content, thus commands premium prices. The legislature meets in the Montana State Capitol in Helena in odd-numbered years for 90 days, beginning the first weekday of the year. [36] Surveys in 1874, 1875, and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. From 1968 through 1988, the state was dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democratic governors for a 20-year period, and a Democratic majority of both the national congressional delegation and during many sessions of the state legislature. The first territorial capital was located at Bannack. Its capital is Helena. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. Montana's Senate district is the fourth largest by area, behind Alaska, Texas, and California. [306] In 1914, Montana granted women the vote. This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States . [173] Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. [143] The Yellowstone joins the Missouri in North Dakota just east of Fort Union. [274] Fishing makes up a sizeable component of Montana's total tourism economic output: in 2017, nonresidents generated $4.7 billion in economic output, of which, $1.3 billion was generated by visitor groups participating in guided fishing experiences.[275]. [55], As World War I broke out, Jeannette Rankin, representative of Montana and the first woman in the United States to be a member of Congress, voted against the United States' declaration of war. The Montana Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the Montana court system. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. The area west of the divide has a modified northern Pacific Coast climate, with milder winters, cooler summers, less wind, and a longer growing season. We love all of Montana! The capital moved to Virginia City in 1865 and to Helena in 1875. The coldest month varies between December and January depending on location, although figures are similar throughout. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. Montana public health agencies continue to assist communities in responding to COVID-19. With Kyra Sedgwick, Stanley Tucci, Robin Tunney, Robbie Coltrane. Montana is a state in the United States. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Forests cover about 25% of the state. The Clerk of the Montana Supreme Court is also an elected position and serves a six-year term. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. Still, the state's most important eastwest travel corridor, the route is today served by Interstate 90 and Interstate 94 which roughly follow the same route as the Northern Pacific. Spending on state supreme court races exponentially increased to $1.6million in 2014, and to more than $1.6million in 2016 (both new records). With an area of 147,040 square miles (380,800km2),[1] Montana is slightly larger than Japan. [37] A number of smaller spur lines operated in Montana from 1881 into the 20th century, including the Oregon Short Line, Montana Railroad, and Milwaukee Road. East and north of this transition zone are the expansive and sparsely populated Northern Plains, with tableland prairies, smaller island mountain ranges, and badlands. Population (2020) 1,084,225. Montana has some 3,000 named lakes and reservoirs, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. In addition, Amtrak's Empire Builder train runs through the north of the state, stopping in Libby, Whitefish, West Glacier, Essex, East Glacier Park, Browning, Cut Bank, Shelby, Havre, Malta, Glasgow, and Wolf Point. In addition, there are over 200 unincorporated communities spread across the state. Montana hosts numerous arts and cultural festivals and events every year. [278], Montana also has millions of acres open to cross-country skiing on nine of its national forests and in Glacier National Park. [223] The United States Department of Education estimated in 2009 that 5,274 students in Montana spoke a language at home other than English. The closest commercial service airport is the Billings-Logan International Airport located at 1901 Terminal Cir, Billings, Montana 59105. In 1909, Congress passed the Enlarged Homestead Act that expanded the amount of free land from 160 to 320 acres (0.6 to 1.3km2) per family and in 1912 reduced the time to "prove up" on a claim to three years. A new constitution was drafted, which made the legislative and executive branches much more equal in power and which was much less prescriptive in outlining powers, duties, and jurisdictions. [211] For kindergarten through 12th-grade students, an "Indian Education for All" curriculum from the Montana Office of Public Instruction is available free to all schools. There are 22 judicial districts in Montana, served by 56 District Courts and 46 District Court judges. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. Montana has only one representative in the U.S. House, having lost its second district in the 1990 census reapportionment. In 1870, the non-Indian population of the Montana Territory was 20,595. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1868)[207] in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder.
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