john clay abolitionist

Clay's American System ran into strong opposition from President Jackson's administration. [4] In 1957, a Senate Committee selected Clay as one of the five greatest U.S. By 1812, Clay owned a productive 600-acre (240 ha) plantation, which he called "Ashland," and numerous slaves to work the land. By the mid-19th century, Americas westward expansion and the read more, The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a law that tried to address growing sectional tensions over the issue of slavery. The Washington family continued to own enslaved people. Clay read law by working and studying with Wythe, Chancellor of the Commonwealth of Virginia (also a mentor to Thomas Jefferson and John Marshall, among others), and Brooke. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. At one point, a captain managed to escape the prison and the guards were threatening to slay all the prisoners as retribution. [34], In 1840 Henry Clay finally gave Charlotte and her daughter Mary Ann Dupuy their freedom. Send us any questions of comments in a new Tab then close it. Born in 1816, Fee was the son of a Bracken County slaveholder. Counsellor of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, 1859-1960. [37] A declaration by Congress that it did not have the authority to interfere with the interstate slave trade. [12] Emperor Alexander II of Russia gave sealed orders to the commanders of both his Atlantic and Pacific fleets, and sent them to the East and West coasts of the United States. Clay granted Charles Dupuy his freedom in 1844. Major-General Cassius Marcellus Clay (October 19, 1810 July 22, 1903) was an American planter, politician, military officer and abolitionist who served as the United States ambassador to Russia from 1863 to 1869. [3] He was influential in the negotiations for the purchase of Alaska. Cassius Clay was a member of the planter class who later became a prominent anti-slavery crusader. In June of 1845, the True American abolitionist newspaper was founded. The "American System"[edit] Main article: American System (economic plan) Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun helped to pass the Tariff of 1816 as part of the national economic plan Clay called "The American System," rooted in Alexander Hamilton's American School. [13], Early law and political career[edit] Legal career[edit]. After serving time for hijacking trucks and a revenge slaying, Gotti wrested control of the Gambino crime family in 1985. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Encyclopdia Britannica. Start Date 11/12/2022 - Please rate your reaction. Henry Watkins moved the family to Richmond, Virginia. In 1835, Clay was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives where he served three consecutive terms. [3] He held 60 slaves at the peak of operations, and likely produced tobacco and hemp, the two chief commodity crops of the Bluegrass Region. On June 29, 1852, he died of tuberculosis in Washington, D.C., at the age of 75. Before Clay's election as Speaker of the House, the position had been that of a rule enforcer and mediator. [2] They moved to Ripley, a growing center of abolitionist activity, and had seven children together:[2], The parents ensured that all their children were educated. Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, read more, John Jay was an American statesman and Founding Father who served the United States in numerous government offices, including the Supreme Court where he served as the first chief justice.The New York native drafted the states first constitution in 1777, and was chosen read more, The grandson of Italian immigrants, John Gotti (1940-2002) was born in the Bronx, N.Y., and grew up in a life of organized crime. Clay came to own town lots and the Kentucky Hotel. Stephen A. Douglas separated the bills and guided them through the Senate. In 1869, Clay left the Republican party in large part due to the policies of President Grant. Following Clay's return to Washington, DC, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in late 1862, to take effect in January 1863. Jak sprawdzi skuteczno pozycjonowania. Perhaps the most famous athlete of the 20th century, Ali famously rejected the name Cassius Clay when he joined the Nation of Islam and refused to answer to what he had dubbed "my slave name.". The "freedom suit" received a fair amount of attention in the press at the time. Browns first militant actions as part of the abolitionist movement didnt occur until 1855. Marshall hit Clay once in the thigh.[25]. Senators, along with Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Robert La Follette, and Robert A. As part of the "Great Triumvirate" or "Immortal Trio," along with his colleagues Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, he was instrumental in formulating the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850. He also became more familiar with the so-called mercantile class of wealthy entrepreneurs and their often ruthless business practices. After taking title to him, she allowed him to hire out to earn money, and he purchased his freedom from her for $1,800 in 1845. John Caldwell Calhoun was born into a large Scots-Irish family on a plantation in rural South Carolina on March 18, 1782. The lacerations weren't even Clay's closest brush with mortality that night. Clay helped settle this dispute by gaining Congressional approval for a plan called the "Missouri Compromise". According to newspaper reports at the time, Dora was 15 to 16 years old. His return to the U.S. Senate, after 20 years, 8 months, 7 days out of office, marks the fourth longest gap in service to the chamber in history.[36]. In 1855 Fee founded Berea College, open to all races. In addition to his political activism, Clay founded an anti-slavery newspaper, theTrue American,in Kentucky, which would have been an incredibly bold and provocative move at the time. The scabbard of Clay's Bowie knife was tipped with silver and, in jerking the Bowie knife out in retaliation pulled this scabbard up so that it was just over his heart. Clay was a mason and member of Davies Lodge No. WebClay encouraged abolitionist John G. Fee to move to Berea, Kentucky and donated to Fee money and a ten-acre tract in Madison County for the beginnings of a school that would become Berea College, the first interracial college in the South. [14] Some of his clients paid him with horses and others with land. He is buried in Maplewood Cemetery in Ripley, Ohio. All Rights Reserved. It should be noted that Cassius M. Clay, Jr., also known as Muhammad Ali, is the name sake of Clay. In 1862, Clay briefly returned to the United States when Lincoln offered him a commission in the Union Army as a major general. Clay left the Republican Party in 1869. Even though the 1852 pro-slavery[43] novel Life at the South; or, "Uncle Tom's Cabin" As It Is, by W.L.G. A native of Kentucky, Breckinridge began his political career as a state representative before serving in the read more, Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, people were kidnapped from the continent of Africa, forced into slavery in the American colonies and exploited to work in the production of crops such as tobacco and cotton. His older brother Brutus J. Clay became a politician at the state and federal levels. Wejd na szczyty wyszukiwarek. ACTIVITIES Clay strongly opposed Jackson's refusal to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States, and advocated passage of a resolution to censure Jackson for his actions. Lincoln sent Clay to Kentucky to assess the mood for emancipation there and in the other border states. Brown bought a farm there himself, near Lake Placid, New York, where he not only worked the land but could advise and assist members of the Black communities in the region. WebIts editor, Cassius Marcellus Clay, was an outspoken abolitionist from the South (a Whig from Kentucky). A baggage handler at the towns train station was shot in the back and killed when he refused the orders of Browns men. During the brawl, one of the brothersattempted to shoot at Clay's head several times, but the pistol wouldn't fire. Such an occurrence, however, has not been repeated since. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. John Brown. PBS.org. He was a founder of the Republican Party in Kentucky and became a friend of Abraham Lincoln, whom he supported for the presidency in 1860. They advocated a declaration of war against the British. She was imprisoned in Alexandria, Virginia, before Clay arranged for her transport to New Orleans, where he placed her with his daughter and son-in-law Martin Duralde. Initially, Browns business ventures were very successful, but by the 1830s his finances took a turn for the worse. She was a sister to Captain Nathaniel G. S. Hart, who died in the Massacre of the River Raisin in the War of 1812.[12]. [37] Establishment of boundaries for the state of Texas in exchange for federal payment of Texas's ten million dollar debt. When he founded it, Clay reportedly said he was the first to "beard the monster in his den." (1911). The legislature first chose John Adair to complete Breckinridge's term, but he had to resign over his alleged role in the Burr Conspiracy. Wszelkie prawa zastrzeone, Jak podnie atrakcyjno witryny handlowej, Statusy z blipa w real-time search Prima Aprillis, Godzina dziennie z SEO. The anti-abolitionist movement had been sending Clay death threats for years, and attempts had been made on his life in the past, but in 1843, his abolitionist crusading became too much for them. This measure helped to preserve the supremacy of the Federal government over the states, but the crisis was indicative of the developing conflict between the northern and southern United States over economics and slavery. Taft. He would remarry at the age of 84, the 15 year old orphaned sister of one of his sharecropping tenants. Clay frequently traveled to political rallies speaking out against slavery. While Clay was no stranger to a chaotic brawl or a drunken tussle, his conflict of choice was, as befitted a man of his era, the duel. Senators, Armistead Thomson Mason (aged 28 in 1816), and John Eaton (aged 28 in 1818). When Federal troops arrived, Clay and his family embarked for Russia. Clay's children also objected, and Clay reportedly mounted a cannon in his doorway to detour anyone who intended to interfere with the wedding. Lincoln wholeheartedly supported Clay's economic programs. Clay was so upset that many years later, when he met Burr again, Clay refused to shake his hand. During their courtship, a former suitor of Warfield, Dr. John Declarey, sent her a letter containing numerous accusations against Clay. They opposed the "tyranny" of Jackson, as their ancestors had opposed the tyranny of King George III. [38] The resolutions included: Admission of California as a free state, ending the balance of free and slave states in the senate. Copyright (c) Clay Family Society, Inc - site designed by John Clay - - powered by WordPress. This seemingly kicked off Clay's passionate anti-slavery stance. By 1835 all six daughters had died of varying causes, two when very young, two as children, the other two as young women: from whooping cough, yellow fever, and complications of childbirth. Clay declared he would only accept if Lincoln would emancipate slaves under Confederate control. To protect his venture, Clay set up a publication center in Cincinnati, Ohio, a center of abolitionists in the free state but continued to reside in Kentucky. [24] On January 3, 1809, Clay introduced a resolution to require members to wear homespun suits rather than those made of imported British broadcloth. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. In the ensuing fight, Clay fought off all six and, using his Bowie knife, killed Cyrus Turner.[9]. Brown was forced to move his remaining men and their captives to the armorys engine house, a smaller building that later became known as John Browns Fort. Clay was born on October 19th, 1810 in Madison County, Kentucky. [20] His term ended before his thirtieth birthday. In 1853, Clay granted 10 acres of his expansive lands to John G. Fee, an abolitionist who founded the town of Berea. In October 1859, the U.S. military arsenal at Harpers Ferry was the target of an assault by an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown (1800-59). Hampered by a crippled hand, Wythe chose Clay as his secretary. The Civil War started before he departed and, as there were no Federal troops in Washington at the time, Clay organized a group of 300 volunteers to protect the White House and US Naval Yard from a possible Confederate attack. In the meantime, Kansas held elections and voted to be a free state in 1858. His anti-slavery activism earned him violent enemies. He lost his campaigns for president in 1824, 1832 and 1844. Clay had just finished an anti-slavery speech when he was approached by several brothers, the sons of a local pro-slavery politician. Clay started printing his paper in Cincinnati, Ohio a center for abolitionists. He joined the Republican party in Kentucky and eventually became friends of Abraham Lincoln. WebNicknamed Cash, Cassius M. Clay was a Kentucky Republican leader and fervent abolitionist newspaper editor. [3] In 1815, while still in Europe, he helped negotiate a commerce treaty with Great Britain. John Brown was born on May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut, and was the son of an abolitionist tanner. The Compromise of 1850[edit] Main article: Compromise of 1850 After losing the Whig Party nomination to Zachary Taylor in 1848, Clay decided to retire to his Ashland estate in Kentucky. Regardless, theywent after Clay, with a clear intent to end him once and for all. With no escape route and under heavy fire, Brown sent his son Watson out to surrender. [8][9], In 1845, Clay began publishing an anti-slavery newspaper, True American, in Lexington, Kentucky. During his early House service, Clay strongly opposed the creation of a National Bank, in part because of his personal ownership in several small banks in his hometown of Lexington. Smith, is dedicated to his memory,[44] Clay's Will freed all the slaves he held. Similar to the Grimke sisters and John Laurens, Cassius M. Clay was a man born into a slave holding family who believed that slavery was wrong and should be His age did not appear to have been noticed by any other Senator, and perhaps not by Clay. [7] His father, a Baptist minister nicknamed "Sir John," died four years after the boy's birth (1781). WebAn icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. In 1833, Clay was studying law at Transylvania University in Lexington and wooing a woman named Mary Jane Warfield. WebOn January 24, 1801, President John Adams responded to two abolitionists who had sent him an anti-slavery pamphlet by Quaker reformer Warner Mifflin (17451798). Tarleton visited and checked the grave for buried valuables shortly after John Clay's death. Parker, who was African American, helped hundreds of slaves Husband of Elizabeth Watkins 1. wanted to establish an abolitionist republic John Brown 2. sued for his freedom Harriet Tubman 3. He claims to have had his life saved by Pocahontas, a Native read more, Despite his success as an actor on the national stage, John Wilkes Booth will forever be known as the man who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. He came from a large political family which included his father and his brother, Brutus, entering politics. Posted on February 5, 2021. He announced on the Senate floor the next day that he intended to persevere and pass each individual part of the bill. Geni requires JavaScript! Clay was admitted to the bar to practice law in 1797. The journal details the financial arrangement concerning the operation of Clay's Ferry on the Kentucky River as well as the acquisition of Weddle's Mill. President Lincoln gave Clay a presentation Colt revolver in recognition. The former slaves were given the opportunity to remain at White Hall and work for wages, which many of them did. [11] As Minister to Russia, Clay witnessed the Tsar's emancipation edict. The younger Clay attended Transylvania University and then graduated from Yale College in 1832. After pro-slavery activists attacked at Lawrence, Kansas, in 1856, Brown and other abolitionists mounted a counterattack. The militia attack was able to free several of Browns captives, although eight of the railroad men died in the fighting. Cassius Marcellus Clay was born on October 19, 1810 in Madison County, Kentucky to Sally Lewis and Green Clay, one of the wealthiest planters and slave owners in Kentucky, who became a prominent politician. In 1833, Clay helped to broker a deal in Congress to lower the tariff gradually. The documentary brings this dichotomy into closer focus and provides a good background for discussion about economics and cultural values. After he was executed, his wife, Mary Ann (Day) took John Brown's body to the family farm in upstate New York for burial. Although his family had owned slaves, Clay became an abolitionist early in his life after hearing a speech by William Lloyd Garrison while at Yale in 1832. He eventually founded the abolitionist newspaper True American. Described later by Friedrich List, it was designed to allow the fledgling American manufacturing sector, largely centered on the eastern seaboard, to compete with British manufacturing through the creation of tariffs. In the What will be its effect on France, and French policy, we shall learn in due time. During the fourteen years following his first election, he was re-elected five times to the House and to the speakership. Clay returned to Ashland with Aaron, Charles and Mary Ann Dupuy. Rev John Clay BIRTH 1741 Henrico County, Virginia, USA DEATH 31 May 1781 Hanover County, Virginia, USA BURIAL Non-Cemetery Burial, Specifically: Rev. [19] Cassius Clay died at his home on July 22, 1903 of "general exhaustion." Clay used his influence with Tsar Alexander II to have Russia back the Union in the war. However, Browns financial losses continued to mount, although he did remarry in 1833. Instead, Clay cut off Brown's nose. [40], Clay was given much of the credit for the Compromise's success. Father of George Hudson Clay; Betty Hudson Clay; Sarah Watkins; John Bruce Clay; Henry Clay, US Speaker of the House, Senator, Sec'y of State and 4 others; Rev. Parker, who was African American, helped hundreds of slaves to freedom in the Underground Railroad resistance movement based in Ripley, Ohio. This was a singular achievement for a 34-year-old House freshman. Underground Railroad Fort Sumter 4. This bold move had the intended effect and cemented Ali as a crusader for equality and African American rights, but ironically, the name Cassius Clay was taken from a man who had fought for abolition his entire life. Influenced by abolitionist poet John Greenleaf Whittier and abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison, he became active in the New England Anti-Slavery Society. His warnings about Texas proved prescient. Skip to main Clay was elected to three terms in the Kentucky House of Representatives, but he lost support among Kentuckian voters as he promoted abolition. His anti-slavery activism earned him violent enemies. During a political debate in 1843, he survived an assassination attempt by Sam Brown, a hired gun. Cassius Clay, as minister to Russia during that time, was instrumental in securing Russia's aid. They effectively barricaded themselves inside. In his later years Clay became increasingly paranoid, turning his home into a fortress. These and other events surrounding Kansas' difficult transition to statehood, made even more complicated by the issue of slavery, became known as Bleeding Kansas. In 1849, Clay was giving a speech against slavery when he was attacked by six brothers with the last name Turner. There he became friends with George Wythe. [18] At the 1890 Kentucky Constitutional Convention, Clay was elected by the members as the Convention's President. When in 1826 the U.S. was invited to attend the Columbia Conference of new nations, opposition emerged, and the American delegation never arrived. [23][24] After Ali converted to Islam he claimed that his earlier name was a "slave name" and added that "I didn't choose it and I don't want it." From 1846 to 1847, Clay served in the Mexican-American war. --Wikipedia. [12] Clay's most notable client was Aaron Burr in 1806, after the US District Attorney Joseph Hamilton Daveiss indicted him for planning an expedition into Spanish Territory west of the Mississippi River. Lucretia Hart Clay died in 1864 at the age of 83. Alexander the II took the step of warning Britain and France that if they recognized the Confederacy they were risking War with Russia. He had opposed the annexation of Texas and the expansion of slavery into the Southwest, but had volunteered because of Mexicos attempt to seize the state, which it still claimed. Henry Clay, Sr. (April 12, 1777 June 29, 1852) was an American lawyer, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives. Clay threw his support behind John Quincy Adams and won the presidency for Adams. In 1833, Clay married Mary Jane Warfield, daughter of Mary Barr and Dr. Elisha Warfield of Lexington, Kentucky. [15] Some years later Thomas Jefferson convinced Clay that Daveiss had been right in his charges. "Clay, Cassius Marcellus". Rev John Clay BIRTH 1741 Henrico County, Virginia, USA DEATH 31 May 1781 Hanover County, Virginia, USA BURIAL Non-Cemetery Burial, Specifically: Rev. John Clay was buried near his home in Hanover County, Virgina in an unmarked grave. Tarleton visited and checked the grave for buried valuables shortly after John Clay's death. [1], Parker was born in Norfolk, Virginia 1827. Born in Kentucky to a wealthy planter family, Clay entered politics during the 1830's and grew to support the abolitionist cause in the U.S., drawing ire from fellow Southerners. In the end, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry ended in failure. Over the next several years, Browns efforts in Kansas continued, and two of his sons were captured and a third was killed by pro-slavery settlers. Portrait of Henry Clay By 1824, the unparalleled success of the Democratic-Republican Party had driven all other parties from the field. [2][3] Parker was one of the few blacks to patent an invention before 1900. Garrison's arguments were to him "as water is to a thirsty wayfarer. [18] Due to threats on his life, he had become accustomed to carrying two pistols and a knife for protection. Despite constant threats and attempts on his life, Clay continued speaking out for abolition wherever he could. [15], Clay resigned his commission in March 1863 and returned to Russia, where he served until 1869. His family home, White Hall, is maintained by the Commonwealth of Kentucky as White Hall State Historic Shrine. He kept her son Charles Dupuy as a personal servant, frequently citing him as an example of how well he treated his slaves. These internal improvements would be financed by the tariff and by sale of the public lands, prices for which would be kept high to generate revenue. In November, a jury found Brown guilty of treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia. Clay's plan to end He ran and lost again in 1832 and 1844 as the candidate of the Whig Party, which he founded and usually dominated. [16], Later, Clay founded the Cuban Charitable Aid Society to help the Cuban independence movement of Jos Mart. View of Henry Clay's law office (1803-1810), Lexington, Kentucky In November 1797, Clay relocated to Lexington, Kentucky, the growing town near where his family then resided in Woodford County. (2009). He was viewed as the primary representative of Western interests in this group, and was given the names "Henry of the West" and "The Western Star. For most people, the name Cassius Clay is associated with one man and one man only: Muhammad Ali. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Clay and his law partner John Allen successfully defended Burr. Not only that, he was an open and vocal advocate for the abolition of slavery in the 1840s, in Kentucky of all places. His boundless energy brought him close toLincoln, even as his ambition alienated the president. "[2] A plantation owner, Clay held slaves during his lifetime but freed them in his will. Presidential Election of 1824 and Secretary of State[edit] Main article: Election of 1824. At this time, he also met Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, activists and abolitionists both, and they became important people in Browns life, reinforcing much of his ideology. Born into slavery under the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, at the age of eight John was forced to walk to Richmond, where he was sold at the slave market to a physician from Mobile, Alabama. Brown recruited 22 men in all, including his sons Owen and Watson, and several freed enslaved people. Henry Watkins, who was an affectionate stepfather. [18], First Senate appointment and eligibility[edit] Clay's influence in Kentucky state politics was such that in 1806 the Kentucky legislature elected him to the Senate seat of John Breckinridge. In 1840, Clay was a candidate for the Whig nomination, but he was defeated at the party convention by supporters of war hero William Henry Harrison. The farm and gravesite are owned by New York State and operated as the John Brown Farm State Historic Site, a National Historic Landmark. Clay rejoined the Republican Part in 1884. The US annexation of Texas led to the Mexican-American War (18461848) (in which his namesake son died). However, the younger Brown was shot by the militia and mortally wounded. Dubbed the Teflon Don read more. Its editor, Cassius Marcellus Clay, was an Clay had such a reputation as a duelist that it was said he had slain more men in duels than any other man in America. Clay originally intended the resolutions to be voted on separately, but at the urging of southerners he agreed to the creation of a Committee of Thirteen to consider the measures. On May 8, as chair of the committee, Clay presented an omnibus bill linking all of the resolutions. With Tubman, whom he called General Tubman, Brown began planning an attack on slaveholders, as well as a United States military armory, at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia), using armed freed enslaved people. To that end, John Browns men stopped a Baltimore & Ohio Railroad train headed for the nations capital. [3], Clay was elected to three terms in the Kentucky House of Representatives,[7] but he lost support among Kentuckian voters as he promoted abolition. His house in Ripley has been designated a National Historic Landmark and restored. Lee and his men arrested Brown and transported him to the courthouse in nearby Charles Town, where he was imprisoned until he could be tried. May 1781 - Hanover Court, Comt De Montgomery, Pennsylvanie, tats-Unis, Chesterfield County, Province of Virginia, Hanover, Hanover County, Virginia, United States, Henry Clay, US Speaker of the House, Senator, Sec'y of State. According to the terms of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the top three electoral vote-getters advanced to the runoff in the House of Representatives. Her age was a contentious issue, leading the minister who was initially to marry them to bow out. His arguments against slavery usually were primarily economic in nature, thus appealing to the self-interests of farmers and small slaveholders that, at the time, were feeling the effects of severe economic depression in the tobacco market. [30] Like other Southern Congressmen, Clay took slaves to Washington, DC to work in his household. John Browns Day of Reckoning. Smithsonianmag.com. Rich snippets to dosownie bogate opisy, czyli rozszerzone informacje o stronie. His father, Patrick Calhoun, fought in the It didnt help that he lost his wife and two of his children to illness at the time. Brother of Edward C. Clay However, Brown relented and let the train continuethe conductor ultimately notified authorities in Washington about what was happening at Harpers Ferry. He came from a large political In 1868, Republican Oscar Dunn, the first Black lieutenant governor ever elected, served as acting governor of Louisiana when Gov. Clay got his hands on the letter, then almost immediately found the man and beat him within an inch of his life with a hickory stick. Despite having been shot in the chest, Clay tackled Brown, and with his Bowie knife removed Brown's nose and one eye and possibly an ear before he threw Brown over an embankment. 1856, became a principal of a school in Illinois; he later taught in St. Louis. Henry was the seventh of nine children of the Reverend John Clay and Elizabeth (ne Hudson) Clay. Clay's plan to end sectionalism Lecompton Fraud 5. surrender began Civil War American Plan 6. won 1860 Presidential election Abraham Lincoln 7. proslavery constitution in Kansas Dred Scott Clay, who was Speaker of the House, supported Adams, and his endorsement ultimately secured Adams' win in the House. Clay used his political clout to secure the victory for Adams, who he felt would be both more sympathetic to Clay's political views and more likely to appoint Clay to a cabinet position. The simple answer is that he was a prominent abolitionist politician in the mid-1800s. Son of John Clay and Sarah Elizabeth Clay John P. Parker (1827 January 30, 1900) was an American abolitionist, inventor, iron moulder and industrialist. Clay was the first person to lie in state in the United States Capitol.

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