[424] Alencar, in his long career, also treated indigenous people as heroes in the Indigenist novels O Guaran, Iracema and Ubirajara. Socially significant closeness to one racial group is taken in account more in the basis of appearance (phenotypes) rather than ancestry, to the extent that full siblings can pertain to different "racial" groups. Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the countrys history. and Long. 2010 Census, "2010 Population Census General characteristics of population, religion and persons with disabilities (Portuguese)", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) Brazil", "Preface and Observations on Contemporary Brazil", "UNESCO World Heritage Centre World Heritage List". The Mata Atlntica (Atlantic Forest) is Brazils other tropical forest. [454], Brazilian literature dates back to the 16th century, to the writings of the first Portuguese explorers in Brazil, such as Pro Vaz de Caminha, filled with descriptions of fauna, flora and commentary about the indigenous population that fascinated European readers. [83] The Brazilians refused to yield, and Prince Pedro decided to stand with them, declaring the country's independence from Portugal on 7 September 1822. Scientists estimate that the total number of plant and animal species in Brazil could approach four million, mostly invertebrates. Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. [281] In the food industry, Brazil was the second-largest exporter of processed foods in the world in 2019. Published On 12 Jan 2023 12 Jan 2023. [14], It spans four time zones; from UTC5 comprising the state of Acre and the westernmost portion of Amazonas, to UTC4 in the western states, to UTC3 in the eastern states (the national time) and UTC2 in the Atlantic islands. [134][135], Several brief interim governments followed Vargas's suicide. [356], In 2008, the illiteracy rate was 11.48%[357] and among the youth (ages 1519) 1.74%. [257], Brazil is a federation composed of 26 states, one federal district, and the 5,570 municipalities. [197] The Amazon rainforest has been under direct threat of deforestation since the 1970s because of rapid economic and demographic expansion. Two-way trade in goods and services was $98.4 billion ($78 billion in goods and $20.4 billion in services) in 2021, a significant recovery compared to $77.3 billion registered during the pandemic in 2020. [16], Legislative houses in each political entity are the main source of law in Brazil. Brazil as a whole is significantly more polarized and much of the Amazon region is led by governors and mayors who align themselves with Bolsonaro. MIAMI (AP) The map was called Beach Trip and was blasted out to more than 18,000 members of a public Telegram channel called, in Portuguese, Hunting and Fishing. But instead of outdoor recreation tips, the 43 pins spread across the map of Brazil pointed to cities where bus transportation to the capital could be found for what promoters One of the world's most captivating places, Brazil is a country of powdery white-sand beaches, verdant rainforests and wild, rhythm-filled metropolises, with its attractions extending to otherworldly landscapes of red-rock canyons, thundering waterfalls and coral-fringed tropical islands. Of the 36 deep-water ports, Santos, Itaja, Rio Grande, Paranagu, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba, Vitria, Suape, Manaus and So Francisco do Sul are the most important. However, efforts to change this are making impacts. [276][277], Brazil is the world's 24th-largest exporter and 26th-largest importer as of 2021[update]. [175] The main upland area occupies most of the southern half of the country. In spite of the name, the style often has a fast and happy rhythm, characterized by virtuosity, improvisation, subtle modulations and full of syncopation and counterpoint. In the commercial sector, for example, they represent 53% of the GDP within the activities of the sector. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. [291], The tertiary sector (trade and services) represented 75.8% of the country's GDP in 2018, according to the IBGE. MIAMI (AP) The Biden administration is under growing pressure from leftists in Latin America as well as U.S. lawmakers to expel Jair Bolsonaro from a post-presidential retreat in Florida following his supporters brazen attack on Brazils capital over the weekend. Of the top 20 Latin American universities, eight are Brazilian. (Note: This does not apply to the Foz do Iguacu National Park or Pantanal National Park.) WebBrazil. [331] It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. [466] Examples are Feijoada, considered the country's national dish;[467] and regional foods such as beiju, feijo tropeiro, vatap, moqueca, polenta (from Italian cuisine) and acaraj (from African cuisine). As of 2016, Brazil has eleven recipients of the prize. [16] States have autonomous administrations, collect their own taxes and receive a share of taxes collected by the Federal government. 1545S 4757W / 15.750S 47.950W / -15.750; -47.950 (Brasilia), "Brazilian Republic" redirects here. In 2012, Brazil had 1.85 doctors and 2.3 hospital beds for every 1,000 inhabitants. The Brazil men's national volleyball team, for example, currently holds the titles of the World League, World Grand Champions Cup, World Championship and the World Cup. Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of population (208.8 million in 2018) and well as land area. So Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1997. The horde of rioters who invaded government buildings on Jan. 8 in an attack on Brazil's democracy left behind a trail of destruction whose full scope is only now coming into full view. In auto racing, three Brazilian drivers have won the Formula One world championship eight times. Brazil is also the longest country in the world, spanning 4,395km (2,731mi) from north to south,[14] and the only country in the world that has the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn running through it. [280] Its automotive industry is the eighth-largest in the world. [442], The music of Brazil was formed mainly from the fusion of European, Native Indigenous, and African elements. Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. Brazil as a whole is significantly more polarized and much of the Amazon region is led by governors and mayors who align themselves with Bolsonaro. Before the discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese, South American Indians had been living in the region for thousands of years. [34] Throughout the 16th century, massive amounts of brazilwood were harvested by indigenous peoples (mostly Tupi) along the Brazilian coast, who sold the timber to European traders (mostly Portuguese, but also French) in return for assorted European consumer goods. [413], The sign language law legally recognized in 2002,[414] (the law was regulated in 2005)[415] the use of the Brazilian Sign Language, more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym LIBRAS, in education and government services. Then in the 20th century especially in Brasilia, Brazil experimented with Modernist architecture. [167], In the fiercely disputed 2018 elections, the controversial conservative candidate Jair Bolsonaro of the Social Liberal Party (PSL) was elected president, winning in the second round Fernando Haddad, of the Workers Party (PT), with the support of 55.13% of the valid votes. [254] However, there are differences between the crime rates in the Brazilian states. [410], The official language of Brazil is Portuguese (Article 13 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil), which almost all of the population speaks and is virtually the only language used in newspapers, radio, television, and for business and administrative purposes. "Booming Brazil could be world power soon", "CIA The World Factbook Country Comparisons GDP (purchasing power parity)", "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019", "Discoveries Challenge Beliefs on Humans' Arrival in the Americas", http://gobrazil.about.com/od/ecotourismadventure/ss/Peter-Lund-Museum.htm, https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.254.5038.1621, "More enslaved Africans came to the Americas through this port than anywhere else. (Bruno Barreto, 1997) and Central do Brasil (Walter Salles, 1998), all of which were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the latter receiving a Best Actress nomination for Fernanda Montenegro. While in So Paulo the homicide rate registered in 2013 was 10.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, in Alagoas it was 64.7 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. [506], Brazil has hosted several high-profile international sporting events, like the 1950 FIFA World Cup[507] and recently has hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup, 2019 Copa Amrica and 2021 Copa Amrica . Freedom of the press disappeared and elections were controlled by those in power. [185], The wildlife of Brazil comprises all naturally occurring animals, plants, and fungi in the South American country. RIBEIRO, Darcy. During the 1990s, Brazil saw a surge of critical and commercial success with films such as O Quatrilho (Fbio Barreto, 1995), O Que Isso, Companheiro? Do not travel to: Any areas within 150 km/100 miles of Brazils land borders with Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Paraguay due to crime. In 1815, to justify continuing to live in Brazil, where the royal court had thrived for six years, the Crown established the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, thus creating a pluricontinental transatlantic monarchic state. [16] The highest court is the Supreme Federal Court. [128], Throughout World War II, Brazil remained neutral until August 1942 Brazil suffered retaliation by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in a strategic dispute over the South Atlantic, and, therefore, entered on the allied side. [435], Brazilian art has developed since the 16th century into different styles that range from Baroque (the dominant style in Brazil until the early 19th century)[436][437] to Romanticism, Modernism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism and Abstractionism. Petroleum and oil products made up 34.3% of the matrix; sugar cane derivatives, 18%; hydraulic energy, 12.4%; natural gas, 12.2%; firewood and charcoal, 8.8%; varied renewable energies, 7%; mineral coal, 5.3%; nuclear, 1.4%, and other non-renewable energies, 0.6%. [393], In recent decades, Protestantism, particularly in forms of Pentecostalism and Evangelicalism, has spread in Brazil, while the proportion of Catholics has dropped significantly. The statue now holds its place in history as one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World. [367][373][374][375] The brown population (officially called pardo in Portuguese, also colloquially moreno)[376][377] is a broad category that includes caboclos (assimilated Amerindians in general, and descendants of Whites and Natives), mulatos (descendants of primarily Whites and Afro-Brazilians) and cafuzos (descendants of Afro-Brazilians and Natives). [172] Including its Atlantic islands, Brazil lies between latitudes 6N and 34S, and longitudes 28 and 74W. [57][58][59][60], By the mid-16th century, cane sugar had become Brazil's most important export,[53][61] while slaves purchased in Sub-Saharan Africa in the slave market of Western Africa[62] (not only those from Portuguese allies of their colonies in Angola and Mozambique), had become its largest import,[63][64] to cope with plantations of sugarcane, due to increasing international demand for Brazilian sugar. LIBRAS teachers, instructors and translators are recognized professionals. The colonial architecture of Brazil dates to the early 16th century when Brazil was first explored, conquered and settled by the Portuguese. [201] In terms of comparison, in 2019, although 43% of the entire European continent has forests, only 3% of the total forest area in Europe is of native forest. Amorim, who was Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the bud. The architect Oscar Niemeyer idealized and built government buildings, churches and civic buildings in the modernist style. The pro-Bolsonaro encampments outside army barracks were cleared, and a new round of protests on January 11 never materialized. The legal system is based on the Federal Constitution, promulgated on 5 October 1988, and the fundamental law of Brazil. [387][388] According to the 2010 Demographic Census (the PNAD survey does not inquire about religion), 64.63% of the population followed Roman Catholicism; 22.2% Protestantism; 2.0% Kardecist spiritism; 3.2% other religions, undeclared or undetermined; while 8.0% had no religion. Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest country in the world. Economic overview. [178] This region is as extensive as the Amazon basin but has a very different climate as it lies farther south at a higher altitude. [16], The classic tripartite branches of government (executive, legislative and judicial under a checks and balances system) are formally established by the Constitution. [297][298] In the list of world tourist destinations, in 2018, Brazil was the 48th most visited country, with 6.6 million tourists (and revenues of 5.9 billion dollars).
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