the last medici

This lack of paternal support likely caused Gastone to descend into a state of depression and melancholy that he would struggle with for the rest of his life. Experience the Medici in Florence with HISTORY Travel. Lorenzo de' Medici, byname Lorenzo the Magnificent, Italian Lorenzo il Magnifico, (born January 1, 1449, Florence [Italy]died April 9, 1492, Careggi, near Florence), Florentine statesman, ruler, and patron of arts and letters, the most brilliant of the Medici. [1] His sister, Electress Palatine Anna Maria Luisa, arranged his marriage to the wealthy and widowed Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697. [8] The Tuscan prince was an avid intellectual, being an antiquarian, a botanist and an amateur scientist. Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine of the Rhine, Anna Maria Luisa, the Dowager Electress Palatine, Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, "Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici - Biografia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany&oldid=1131315901. The final eight hitting Netflix on May 1 are the last of the Italian series that explored the lives of . [49] The Ruspanti, Gian Gastone's morally corrupt entourage, hated the Electress; and she, them. But Acton makes such material as fresh and exciting as a village dance on the green. "[27] Cosimo III conceded defeat and recalled Gian Gastone to Florence in 1708; he never saw his wife again. [44] Loathing the aristocracy, Gian Gastone called the foremost Ruspanti by the names of prominent Tuscan nobles. "Photographie: Christian Dior by Brigitte Niedermair" featured . Medici. [57] In collaboration with the Holy Roman Emperor and Francis of Lorraine, she willed all the personal property of the Medici's to the Tuscan state, provided that nothing was ever removed from Florence. She was named after her maternal aunt Anne Marie Louise d'Orlans, Duchess of Montpensier. The family p. 8 Citations. His ruinous behaviour was relayed to Florence by the Electress Palatine. [12] At the same time, Gian Gastone sank into a state of melancholy. [34]Violante Beatrice of Bavaria, to whom Gian Gastone had become quite attached, disliked the Electress and therefore left the grand ducal court for the position of governor of the town of Siena. by Hassell Street Press. Finally, he returned to Florence in 1708 much to the chagrin of his father and separated from Anna Maria. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, No Import Fees Deposit & $12.78 Shipping to Singapore. [22] She invited Fortunato Chelleri to court and appointed him maestro di cappella ("music teacher"). [67], In 2012 after concern caused by the 1966 Flood of the Arno River, her bones were exhumed. : [7], Gian Gastone was tutored by Cardinal Henry Noris, whose company the prince hardly left. Grand Duke Gian Gastone in Bed, 1736, Museo degli Argenti, Florence. [58], The "Lorrainers," as the occupying forces were dubbed, were popularly loathed. Medici: The Magnificent shows the power of art and beauty as driving forces behind Medici rule. : He was a magnate, diplomat, politician, and patron of scholars, artists, and poets. [9] Peter II of Portugal, however, had other things in mind for him: he wanted Gian Gastone to marry his only daughter, Isabel Lusa, Princess of Beira. Contents. The Palatinate Anna Maria Luisa arrived in was ravaged by the ongoing Nine Years' War, in which Louis XIV assaulted the Palatinate on behalf of his brother, Philippe of France, Duke of Orlans, occupying the city of Philippsburg in the process. Her remains were interred in the Medicean necropolis, the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence, which she helped complete. [36] In 1718, Charles VI repudiated Cosimo's decision, declaring a union of Tuscany and Modena (the Este lands) unacceptable. 95240 Homes for Sale. [25], The same year as Gian Gastone's marriage, the Peace of Ryswick ended the Nine Years' War: French troops withdrew from the Electoral Palatinate and Johann Wilhelm received the County of Megen. The last act closes on Gian Gastone, their cynical younger son, bedridden in the Pitti Palace, a florid figure of despair, with the Powers of Europe ever on the alert for the . The dynasty collapsed with a debauched duke. Although many contemporary writings of him label him as a weak ruler with no ambition, the Grand Duke, in reality, reinvigorated a weak government and economy, and instituted a more tolerant rule. Detail. [32][33][34] In May 1716, Charles VI, who constantly changed his stance on the issue, told Florence that the Electress's succession was unquestioned, but added that Austria and Tuscany must soon reach an agreement regarding which royal house was to follow the Medici. Living in Florence, Italy, he has been the Grand Duke of Tuscany (a sovereign entity without territory) since 2017. One that does exist, however, highlights his importance to the city of Florence. Pope Martin V 2 episodes, 2016 Francesca Del Fa . Tattooed Women of the Victorian Era. The Medici were a wealthy and powerful family of Italian bankers and merchants. Other characters in the series include Synnve Karlsen as Clarice Orsini - Lorenzo's wife, and Toby Regbo joins the season three cast as Tommaso Peruzzi. The series shows the journey of a man who falls many times be. He is currently applying to medical school to become a physician investigator. As a result, Cosimo IIIs second son grew up with disdain for his fathers rulership and lacked interest in politics. [2] In regards to this, her most notable act was the Patto di Famiglia ("Family Pact"), signed on 31 October 1737. In her will, Anna Maria bequeathed all of the Medici treasures the family's entire artistic patrimony to the people Florence. Their influence and power spread far beyond the city. Historical accounts describe it variously as a long, painful death, a sudden fever or an "oppression on the breast.". Niccol Cassana, Gian Gastone de Medici in a youthful portrait, 1690, private collection, Florence, Italy. On her marriage to Elector Johann Wilhelm II, she became Electress of the Palatinate, and, by patronising musicians, she earned for the contemporary Palatine court the reputation of an important music centre. His sister, Electress Palatine Anna Maria Luisa, arranged his marriage to the wealthy and widowed Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697. Since Gastone sought to lessen the power of the Church in state affairs and reduce political corruption, patronizing propaganda portraits were antithetical to his political values and goals. During his reign as de facto leader of the Florentine Republic, he held together political alliances while sponsoring artists and encouraging the peak of the Italian Renaissance . [47], Governor Violante Beatrice and the Dowager Electress, following the former's sojourn in Rome, in spite of their mutual dislike of each other, attempted to ameliorate Gian Gastone's decadent public image together. Their power was at its height in the 1400s and 1500s, when they ruled the city of Florence, Italy . At the end of the first part, he is shown painting his . [63] His remains were interred in the Medicean necropolis, the Basilica of San Lorenzo. Citation Type. Reviewed in the United States on November 4, 2013. [{"displayPrice":"$32.65","priceAmount":32.65,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"32","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"65","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"lmuZps%2BSBohKWDfyayy1ZfBEjVXvOOjyIPBsSwKede%2BZs9ReeJGryDCgW2VngWNsgQhQUOZ3uAe9Js2SbYScD21P%2FBLqKD456kfj7vJWwGaskJRXB34Lsm6YGUrQ00Y6V3evVmiV6GVP3%2FFWrNDUaCivWQBKy1yYy2v2zPnEW8u903INPaVNSix3SCYOpNV9","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"NEW"},{"displayPrice":"$21.23","priceAmount":21.23,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"21","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"23","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"6V2Vq6k2l1x8DKPS3ERvG9u1qafOJrBOhF7318%2B7d1v%2Bn595zPANP5yJa87lTI%2FyiFzAikcVD0KHbE1nnrqqKvEym24TzRRo9LJM%2FbP5XdyRHeMAixN2cWqOSbriZWka8Q4kwNgwiFccj2Wtp4YZzMwaVWncrK9VdaXsuvFaOLfVMrHtLMaLnzqBbOQqMnv9","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"USED"}]. The Medici family was definitely one of the richest dynasties in Renaissance Italy and perhaps they were the most influential patrons of the arts in history. The Medici Dynasty. The . This becomes clearer when one understands their common ancestor: Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, father to both Lorenzo the Elder and Cosimo de' Medici. [23] Forced once again to quell his enmity towards his wife, Gian Gastone returned to Reichstadt as per the Holy Roman Emperor and Holy Roman Empress's advice. 365. [32] It passed and was disseminated to chancelleries across Europe. [50] He was, however, appointed joint-guardian of the Infante with Dorothea Sophia of the Rhine, Dowager Duchess of Parma and the Electress Palatine's sister-in-law. [11] In an attempt to rouse him from this condition, Cardinal Francesco Maria often summoned Gian Gastone to festivities at his villa, Lappeggi. Johann Wilhelm surprised her at Innsbruck, where they officially married. Today it hosts several museums that show the Medici's collections, including their costumes and a vast Palatine Gallery with . , Hardcover Thus the kings of France from Louis XIII and on, are descended from the 'cadet' branch, confirming that Gian Gastone was not the last Medici. One of the most notable of them is Prince Ottaviano de Medici. Near him are the remains of many De Medici children who were buried in unmarked graves. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. [27], The Grand Prince finally succumbed to syphilis on 30 October 1713, sparking a succession crisis. He is now generally forgotten along with the rest of his ilk. But the crown and sceptre were corroded by the acids which had been used in embalming the body. 2.5 Baths. Currently divorced, Ottaviano has three children, Cosimo . His sister (Anna Maria Luisa if nemory serves) survived him for a few years, but couldnt't give birth to any heir. Now based in Washington DC, Cameron researches health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities and LGBT individuals. 95219 Homes for Sale $553,165. Get help and learn more about the design. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. [6] Cosimo and Marguerite Louise frequently quarreled. The last act closes on Gian Gastone, their cynical younger son, bedridden in the Pitti Palace, a florid figure of despair, with the Powers of Europe ever on the alert for the . The curtains closed on almost 300 years of Medici rule in Florence with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici, the seventh family member to serve . The most significant of the Medici families currently are the Medici Tornaquinci and the Medici di Ottajano. If you have an interesting story about art to tell, send it to our Editor-in-chief Kate at [emailprotected] You might be the next here! 4. A patron of the arts, she bequeathed the Medicis' large art collection, including the contents of the Uffizi, Palazzo Pitti and the Medicean villas, which she inherited upon her brother Gian Gastone's death in 1737, and her Palatine treasures to the Tuscan state, on the condition that no part of it could be removed from "the Capital of the grand ducal State.[and from] the succession of His Serene Grand Duke."[1][2]. There was a problem loading your book clubs. [56] On 18 February 1743, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Dowager Electress Palatine, died of an "oppression on the breast". As Johann Wilhelm had syphilis the union produced no offspring, which, combined with her siblings' barrenness, meant that the Medici were on the verge of extinction. The Medici Family. By doing so, he ended the authoritarian stronghold his father held over the nation and created a Florence that was more inclusive and more in line with the Renaissance ideals of intellectual curiosity and scholarship. You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. 95206 Homes for Sale $431,976. The last Medici ruler died without a male heir in 1737, ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries. The Pazzi Conspiracy: The Plot Against the Medici. The Princess was incensed, replying that there was no point going with him because he was "absolutely impotent. Gian Gastone replied to Cosimo's ensuing admonishments with an account of his married life, blaming Anna Maria Franziska's "capriciousness, peevish faces and sharp words" for his desperate conduct. It became the residence of the ruling family, until 1737 when the last Medici died. Art in Exile: Refugee Artists Who Found a Welcome in Wales, Joanna of Castile: Story of a Misunderstood Queen in Portraits, The Inked Ladies. Wikimedia Commons (public domain). Follow authors to get new release updates, plus improved recommendations. Answer (1 of 3): The authentic Medici bloodline is long dead: they went extinct in the 1700s, the last man being Giangastone de Medici. Why did the Medici family lose power? [46] Gian Gastone, knowing the Dowager Electress probably would never succeed, went about ensuring his sister's inheritance of all the House of Medici's private property. Despite these hindrances, Gian Gastone, aged 52, commenced his reign with a burst of ebullience, releasing prisoners, abolishing exorbitant taxes, "Pensions on the Creed" (monies paid to converts to Christianity) and public executions. [6] She abandoned Tuscany in June 1675; Anna Maria Luisa, who was less than eight years old at that time, never saw her again. Sign up and get your dose of art history delivered straight to your inbox! Furthermore, he despised his familys penchant for ostentation and authoritarian desires, and so he likely chose to commission very few portraits of himself. But the legacy of the Medici family lived on. Full of brilliant colour, rich comedy and lurid tragedy, "The Last Medici" is at the same time a scientific contribution to the records of an extraordinary and unforgettable period. A fmaous and extremely well-written study. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. It opened to the public as an art gallery in 1765, shortly after the last member of the Medici family died. After the death of Johann Wilhelm, Anna Maria Luisa returned to Florence, where she enjoyed the rank of first lady until the accession of her brother Gian Gastone, who banished her to the Villa La Quiete. Ferdinand Richter, Portrait of Gian Gastone de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1737, Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy. Giovanni even made a deal with the Pope so that the Medici managed the Papal Treasury. [30], Following the death of his heir apparent, Ferdinando, in 1713, Cosimo deposited a bill in the Senate, Tuscany's titular legislature, promulgating that if Cosimo and his new heir apparent, Gian Gastone, were to predecease the Electress, she would ascend the throne. [20] The Electress spent her time enjoying balls, musical performances and other festivities. Detail. Posted on 07/02/2017 by carolinemmurray. In 1743, the last member of the family that had ruled Florence for almost 300 years died a slow and painful death. Unlike . But then in the 2000's, everything changed. La famiglia Medici, conosciuta anche come la Casa dei Medici, ottenne per la prima volta ricchezza e potere politico a Firenze, in Italia, nel XIII secolo grazie al suo successo . : "[29] However, two years later, he died without issue, taking with him any hope of an heir. Chelleri, Fortunato; Vavoulis, Vavoulis (2000). [51] Thirty thousand Spanish troops occupied the Grand Duchy of Tuscany on Charles's behalf in October 1731. Speaking of art, Michelangelo was linked directly to the Medici Family. His reign was marked by the reversal of his predecessor's conservative policy; he abolished taxes for poorer people, repealed penal laws which restricted Jews and discontinued public executions. Roman Catholicism. In actuality, he was widely regarded as one of the most popular Medici rulers by the general public despite only ruling for 14 years. As of August 2015, access to see his white rectangular marble tomb slab is denied. Originally, pop-up books were made for adults: Joanna of Castile, also known as Joanna the Mad, was never expected to inherit the throne of Castile and Aragon in the 16th century. Medici: Created by Nicholas Meyer, Frank Spotnitz. Create Alert Alert. At the accompanying festivities, a contemporary describes the Electress's physical attributes: "In her person, she is tall, her complexion was fair, her eyes large and expressive, both those and her hair were black; her mouth was small, with a fullness of the lips; her teeth were as white as ivory."[11], She departed for Dsseldorf, her husbands capital, on 6 May 1691, accompanied by her younger brother, Gian Gastone. VIDEO TOUR. Historical documents suggest that Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici suffered from . [10] In fact, contemporaries thought her traits to be a combination of those of her father and paternal grandmother, Vittoria della Rovere. The curtains closed on almost 300 years of Medici rule in Florence with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici, the seventh family member to serve as grand duke of Tuscany. [68], Media related to Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici at Wikimedia Commons, Anna Maria Luisa, Electress of the Palatinate. (Francis was forced to surrender Lorraine to Stanisaw Leszczyski, the losing claimant to the Polish throne. Rosa 2 episodes, 2016 Andrea Tidona . 95210 Homes for Sale $402,060. [61][62] This is equivalent to 681,169 in present-day terms. View All. Upon hearing of Anna Maria Luisa's intention to return, Violante Beatrice prepared to depart for Munich, her brother's capital, but Gian Gastone wished her to stay, so she did. She realized that with no one to carry on their bloodline, the authority of Tuscany would fall to Francis of Lorraine. Excerpt from John T. Paoletti and Gary M. Radke, Art in Renaissance Italy: p. 220: The Medici: The rise to power of the Medici in Florence began in 1418 when Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (c. 1360-1429) became the banker to the papacy and established the wealth of the family on a sure footing.Giovanni's son, Cosimo (1389-1464), steadily increased the control of his family /p. They Were Tight with Michelangelo. Leggi qui di pi sulla storia della Famiglia Medici. The last Medici by Harold Mario Mitchell Acton, Harold Acton, 1980, Macmillan London edition, in English. [9] Instead, Cosimo offered her to his first choice, Peter II of Portugal. Cameron Ormiston is an art historian enthusiast who recently graduated from UC San Diego. [9] Cosimo III did not like the idea of a French marriage, and never devoted himself fully to the cause (she was later rejected). Peter's ministers declined, fearing that Anna Maria Luisa might have inherited her mother's temperament, and may seek to dominate Peter II while being herself intractible to reason. This led to the 1735 Treaty of Vienna, which decided Francis II of Lorraine would be the heir to the throne. A contemporary dubbed the head of the Ruspanti, Giuliano Dami, "the despot of Gian Gastone's court"; he exploited his influence with the Grand Duke by offering anybody who was willing to bribe him an audience with their monarch. Cynthia Miller Lawrence, an American art-historian, argues that Anna Maria Luisa thus provisioned for Tuscany's future economy through tourism. Ferdinando de' Medici (9 August 1663 - 31 October 1713) was the eldest son of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans.Ferdinando was heir to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, with the title Grand Prince, from his father's accession in 1670 until his death in 1713.He is remembered today primarily as a patron of music. The dynasty collapsed with a debauched duke. [16] Gian Gastone, unable to rein in his disgust, abandoned Anna Maria Franziska for Paris after one year in Reichstadt. Spain zealously endorsed its candidate, Charles of Spain, who had been made heir by the powers in 1718 but did not enjoy universal recognition; Austria would not accept another Bourbon monarch in Italy. Gian Gastone de' Medici was born in 1671 as the second son of Cosimo III de' Medici and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans. With Daniel Sharman, Alessandra Mastronardi, Synnove Karlsen, Sebastian De Souza. Donate . [16] The lack of intellectual society there and his wife's hostility towards him drove Gian Gastone into the arms of alcohol. Coins during Cosimo IIIs reign, 1676, British Museum, London, UK. The Grand Duke, however, is covered in light, symbolizing his enlightened rule and ushering in intolerance and economic rejuvenation. Anna Maria Luisa de Medici, the last of the Medici family, was born in 1667 from Cosimo III de Medici and Marguerite Louise d'Orleans.She was an educated woman, a lover of music, theatre and art. [43] Here, Gian Gastone was entertained by the Ruspanti, a team of poor, handsome young men assembled by Dami, who performed sexual acts for and with the Grand Duke. The beginning of the Medici power took place in banking, where Giovanni di Bicci de Medici grew the Medicibanks in and outside Florence. Unlike his father before him, but thanks to the education his wealth provided, Lorenzo was a great diplomat and became known as Lorenzo Il Magnifico (the Magnificent). Please try again. Upon accomplishing his goals, the Grand Duke transferred his duties to Governor Violante Beatrice and decided to live the rest of his life separate from public life in 1729, choosing to live in his bedroom until death. Much has been written about the phenomenal career of the early Medici: and there are many biographies of Lorenzo the Magnificent, Cosimo I, and the Medicean Popes. In his remarkable account of the last Medici, famous aesthete and historian Harold Acton (1904-1994) takes up the causes which led to the disappearance of a house which has left indelible traces on the art, literature and commerce of the world; and his book was one of the first attempts to deal with this despotic dynasty in a scholarly and impartial spirit. [26], Cosimo III wished to alter the male-only Tuscan line of succession so as to allow the accession of his daughter, Anna Maria Luisa, in the event of a male-line succession failure. This item can be returned in its original condition for a full refund or replacement within 30 days of receipt. To see what your friends thought of this book, Girls Who Bite! One that does exist, however, highlights his importance to the city of Florence. Giovanni is one of five sons of a poor widow. Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app. It was written in 1739 by Charles de Brosses, a French writer and politician, that the Tuscans would give two-thirds of their property to have the Medici back, and the other third to get rid of the Lorrainers. Considered to be one of the most influential patrons of artists, poets, and scholars during the Italian Renaissance, he ushered in the Golden Age of Florence and funded many public projects in the city. Medici: The Magnificent spoilers follow. Giorgio Vasari, Apotheosis of Cosimo I, 1563-1565, Palazzo Vecchio Museum, Florence, Italy. Uncommonly good collectible and rare books from uncommonly good booksellers [51][52] Gian Gastone was taken with the Infante-Duke, showering him with gifts. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and . [11], By 1697, Violante Beatrice and Ferdinando had been married for eight years and still lacked issue, as did Gian Gastone's sister, the Electress Palatine. Exploring the cosmopolitan nature of the Medici ducal court is often at the core of The Medici Archive Project's mission. Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, only daughter of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and wife of Johann Wilhelm II, Elector Palatine, died on February 18th, 1743, at the age of 75. The Last Medici. Gian Gastone was descended from both Cosimo the Elder and Lorenzo the Elder through the marriage between Maria Salviati, grandchild of Lorenzo the Magnificent, and Giovanni de' Medici, great-grandson of Lorenzo the Elder. [59] Worried for her brother's soul, the Dowager Electress had the irreligious Gian Gastone repent for his sins. Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. The only condition was that none of it could be sold. [16] Anna Maria Franziska was unpredictable and prone to outbursts of rage, she held "conversations in the stables [i.e. Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici was the only surviving family member and had no offspring. The Last Medici centres mainly round the fantastic figures of Princess Marguerite-Louise d'Orleans and her husband Cosimo III, most fatal of all the Medicean sovereigns. His behaviour at these sent guests running for their carriages: he vomited into his napkin, wiped his mouth with his peri-wig and told rude jokes. The Last Medici book. Harold Acton was a renowned historian and general man of letters who was known for his witty style and deep mind. Recounts the decline of the Medici family against a corresponding description and history of Florence during that period, Publisher They rose to the highest ranks of Florentine society. The culprit was long thought to . Has PDF. 2016 | Maturity Rating: TV-MA | 3 Seasons | TV Dramas. This is our guest profile for occasional authors. : As a result, the Grand Duke became widely loved and celebrated by the general public. [64] She was interred in the crypt that she helped to complete in San Lorenzo; although not entirely finished at the time of her death, her testament stipulated that part of the revenue of her estate should "be used to continue, finish and perfectthe said famous chapel San Lorenzo". Charles, known as Duke of Parma since January, arrived in Florence the next March. (Cosimo had hitherto been outranked by the Duke of Savoy much to his angerwho derived royal status from his successful pretendership to the abolished Cypriot throne). Rich Sinners or Saintly Rulers? [27] The closed court that Gian Gastone did keep was dominated by his favourite, Dami. [29] The Electress urged him to care for his health and "give us the consolation of a little prince. [3] Charles later transferred his claim to Francis Stephen of Lorraine pursuant to a preliminary peace that was finalized in 1738. [46][47] In the period 17221725, the Electress embellished the villa further by commissioning twelve statues of various religious figures. Despite her mother's efforts to induce a miscarriage by means of riding,[3] Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, the only daughter and second child of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and his consort, Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, was born in Florence on 11 August 1667. Some of them still have their garments. 8 Citations. [8], Cosimo III considered compelling Gian Gastone to become a cardinal. [31] Charles VI was furious; he replied that the Grand Duchy was an imperial fief and therefore he alone possessed the prerogative to alter the laws of succession.

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