And the idea was, she wanted to know like, once the radioactive particles were in the tree, what happens next? So this Wood Wide Web, is this just, like, the roots? ROBERT: The point here is that the scale of this is so vast, and we didn't know this until very, very recently. Could a plant learn to associate something totally random like a bell with something it wanted, like food? JENNIFER FRAZER: Then he would bring them the meat and he would ring a bell. The bell, the meat and the salivation. No, I don't because she may come up against it, people who think that intelligence is unique to humans. JENNIFER FRAZER: I am the blogger of The Artful Amoeba at Scientific American. ROBERT: And we dropped it once and twice. That's okay. ROBERT: So you're like a metaphor cop with a melty heart. Along with a home-inspection duo, a science writer, and some enterprising . They designed from scratch a towering parachute drop in blue translucent Lego pieces. I don't know yet. ROBERT: And she goes into that darkened room with all the pea plants. And I'm wondering whether Monica is gonna run into, as she tries to make plants more animal-like, whether she's just going to run into this malice from the scientific -- I'm just wondering, do you share any of that? I guess you could call it a mimosa plant drop box. You found exactly what the plants would do under your circumstances which were, I don't know, let's say a bit more tumultuous than mine. ROBERT: Packets of minerals. They play with sound and story in a way that's incredibly intriguing, I was instantly hooked with More Perfect. You got somewhere to go? JAD: And to Annie McEwen and Brenna Farrow who both produced this piece. JENNIFER FRAZER: Into which she put these sensitive plants. No. And the pea plants are left alone to sit in this quiet, dark room feeling the breeze. They're not experiencing extra changes, for example. And of course we had to get Jigs out. Crossposted by 4 years ago. So, okay. ROBERT: And her family included a dog named Jigs. And so now we're down there. Princeton University News Transformations: Students find creativity at intersection of art and engineering. They can't take up CO2. She thinks that they somehow remembered all those drops and it never hurt, so they didn't fold up any more. Testing one, two. If I want to be a healthy tree and reach for the sky, then I need -- I need rocks in me somehow. I mean, this is going places. ROBERT: We're carefully examining the roots of this oak tree. But the Ubells have noticed that even if a tree is 10 or 20, 30 yards away from the water pipe, for some reason the tree roots creep with uncanny regularity straight toward the water pipe. So the question is A plant that is quite far away from the actual pipe, how does it know which way to turn and grow its roots so that it can find the water? That there was a kind of a moral objection to thinking this way. And he starts digging with his rake at the base of this tree. This story was nurtured and fed and ultimately produced by Annie McEwen. ROBERT: And the classic case of this is if you go back a few centuries ago, someone noticed that plants have sex. AATISH BHATIA: So this is our plant dropper. Today, Robert drags Jad along on a parade for the surprising feats of brainless plants. LARRY UBELL: We are the principals of Accurate Building Inspectors of Brooklyn, New York. It's doing like a triple double axel backflip or something into the sky. I don't know where you were that day. He was a, not a wiener dog. ROBERT: Well of course, there could be a whole -- any number of reasons why, you know, one tree's affected by another. So what does the tree do? There are multiple ways of doing one thing, right? JENNIFER FRAZER: From a particular direction. I think there are some cases where romanticizing something could possibly lead you to some interesting results. And we can move it up, and we can drop it. ROBERT: The plants would always grow towards the light. Also thanks to Christy Melville and to Emerald O'Brien and to Andres O'Hara and to Summer Rayne. And moved around, but always matched in the same way together. The part where the water pipe was, the pipe was on the outside of the pot? This is not so good" signal through the network. A little while back, I had a rather boisterous conversation with these two guys. But what I do know is that the fact that the plant doesn't have a brain doesn't -- doesn't a priori say that the plants can't do something. Like, as in the fish. What happened to you didn't happen to us. Yes, because she knew that scientists had proposed years before, that maybe there's an underground economy that exists among trees that we can't see. The roots of this tree of course can go any way they want to go. So she decided to conduct her experiment. It's almost as if the forest is acting as an organism itself. And so I don't have a problem with that. It's a very interesting experiment, and I really want to see whether it's correct or not. I don't know if that was the case for your plants. There's not a leak in the glass. The Ubells see this happening all the time. ROBERT: But once again I kind of wondered if -- since the plant doesn't have a brain or even neurons to connect the idea of light and wind or whatever, where would they put that information? The fungus were literally sucking the nitrogen out of the springtails, and it was too late to get away. So I don't have a problem. He says something about that's the wrong season. We are the principals of Accurate Building Inspectors of Brooklyn, New York. The plants would always grow towards the light. ROBERT: Okay. Monica thought about that and designed a different experiment. Because tree roots and a lot of plant roots are not actually very good at doing what you think they're doing. So they didn't. ROBERT: Okay. Yours is back of your house, but let's make it in the front. So the -- this branching pot thing. But white, translucent and hairy, sort of. Now, can you -- can you imagine what we did wrong? I can scream my head off if I want to. There's -- on the science side, there's a real suspicion of anything that's anthropomorphizing a plant. ROBERT: Let us say you have a yard in front of your house. 2018. JENNIFER FRAZER: In the little springtail bodies there were little tubes growing inside them. Let us say you have a yard in front of your house. They remembered what had happened three days before, that dropping didn't hurt, that they didn't have to fold up. ALVIN UBELL: Testing one, two. Every time. She's a forestry professor at the University of British Columbia. As soon as we labeled them, we used the Geiger counter to -- and ran it up and down the trees, and we could tell that they were hot, they were boo boo boo boo boo, right? MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, I know. When they did this, they saw that a lot of the springtails that had the tubes inside them were still alive. JENNIFER FRAZER: So Pavlov started by getting some dogs and some meat and a bell. PETER LANDGREN: Little seatbelt for him for the ride down. It's as if the individual trees were somehow thinking ahead to the needs of the whole forest. Apparently she built some sort of apparatus. And the tree happens to be a weeping willow. He's holding his hand maybe a foot off the ground. The problem is is with plants. I go out and I thought there's no one here on Sunday afternoon. And so I don't have a problem with that. MONICA GAGLIANO: Light is obviously representing dinner. Well, it depends on who you ask. You should definitely go out and check out her blog, The Artful Amoeba, especially to the posts, the forlorn ones about plants. ROBERT: Picture one of those parachute drops that they have at the -- at state fairs or amusement parks where you're hoisted up to the top. ROBERT: So what they're saying is even if she's totally sealed the pipe so there's no leak at all, the difference in temperature will create some condensation on the outside. I think if I move on to the next experiment from Monica, you're going to find it a little bit harder to object to it. Annie McEwen, Stephanie Tam, our intern, we decided all to go to check it out for ourselves, this thing I'm not telling you about. MONICA GAGLIANO: Would the plant do the same? And so why is that? Listen to this episode from Radiolab: Viper Members on Spotify. Picasso! No. ROBERT: I'm not gonna tell you. They still remembered. You got the plant to associate the fan with food. Here's the water.". So they didn't. How does it know which way to turn and grow its roots so that it can find the water? The plants -- the plants stopped -- what is it they did? Is that what -- is that what this? Annie McWen or McEwen ], [JENNIFER FRAZER: Latif Nasser, Malissa O'Donnell, Arianne Wack ], [ALVIN UBELL: Pat Walter and Molly Webber. MONICA GAGLIANO: Exactly, which is pretty amazing. [ROY HALLING: This is Roy Halling, researcher specializing in fungi at the New York Botanical Garden. And remember, if you're a springtail, don't talk to strange mushrooms. They have to -- have to edit in this together. They don't do well in warm temperatures and their needles turn all sickly yellow. ROBERT: Now, you might think that the plant sends out roots in every direction. 2016. MONICA GAGLIANO: Exactly. JAD: It's like every time I close my eyes, you're coming at it from a different direction. JAD: Wait a second. But let me just -- let me give it a try. I mean, I -- it's a kind of Romanticism, I think. Visit your local Culver City PetSmart store for essential pet supplies like food, treats and more from top brands. This feels one of those experiments where you just abort it on humanitarian grounds, you know? ROBERT: Oh! So they figured out who paid for the murder. LARRY UBELL: Me first. ], [ROY HALLING: With help from Alexandra Leigh Young, Jackson Roach and Charu Sinha. I'm a research associate professor at the University of Sydney. And she goes into that darkened room with all the pea plants. So the question is MONICA GAGLIANO: A plant that is quite far away from the actual pipe, how does it know which way to turn and grow its roots so that it can find the water? Never mind. Like, they don't have ears or a brain or anything like, they couldn't hear like we hear. ROBERT: Had indeed turned and moved toward the fan, stretching up their little leaves as if they were sure that at any moment now light would arrive. Again. Like, would they figure it out faster this time? We dropped. So today we have a triptych of experiments about plants. My reaction was, "Oh ****!" The glass is not broken. So she decided to conduct her experiment. JAD: This -- this actually happened to me. ROBERT: So you are related and you're both in the plumbing business? But no, they're all linked to each other! JAD: So today we have a triptych of experiments about plants. She's done three experiments, and I think if I tell you about what she has done, you -- even you -- will be provoked into thinking that plants can do stuff you didn't imagine, dream they could do. Every one of them. ], [ALVIN UBELL: Our fact-checker is Michelle Harris. MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, mimosa has been one of the pet plants, I guess, for many scientists for, like, centuries. ROBERT: I know -- I know you -- I know you don't. They still remembered. Like the bell for the dog. Fan first, light after. [laughs] When I write a blog post, my posts that get the least traffic guaranteed are the plant posts. But the drop was just shocking and sudden enough for the little plant to Then Monica hoists the plant back up again and drops it again. ROBERT: And he pokes it at this little springtail, and the springtail goes boing! ROBERT: And then later, scientists finally looked at these things under much more powerful microscopes, and realized the threads weren't threads, really.
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