elisabeth schumacher cause of death

Hohenemser", Webpage about memorial plaque to Elisabeth Schumacher, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elisabeth_Schumacher&oldid=1115977603, People from Hesse executed at Pltzensee Prison, People executed by guillotine at Pltzensee Prison, Articles needing additional references from February 2010, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Since the 1980s, there has been a stone memorial plaque to Elisabeth at the Schulstrae 4 residence in. He had parachuted into Germany to support the resistance group's transmission of information to the Soviet Union. REUTERS/Kai Pfaffenbach KP/JOH RM D3J9CW (dpa) - The photo shows the grave of Elisabeth Schumacher on the cemetery in Manheim near Kerpen, Germany, 14 April 2004. She worked at a crafts studio until 1928, in order to study art in Berlin, which she did until 1933. WebHe died in 1956 (or early in 1957). Netflixs new series The Staircase chronicles the trial of author Michael Peterson, whose wife Kathleen was found dead at the bottom of a staircase in her Durham, North Carolina home in November 2001. Soon after their marriage she became involved in many conflicts with her mother-in-law, Archduchess Sophia, which led to an estrangement with the court. His death was announced on June 22, 2020. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/schumacher-elisabeth-1904-1942, "Schumacher, Elisabeth (19041942) Memorial A bronze plaque was installed in Frankfurt at 46 Kettenhofweg. astronomy. Elisabeth Schumacher, 55, was in a coma and suffering from severe internal bleeding, reportedly after a fall at her home a week earlier. Berlin: Verlag Das Europische Buch, 1974. Elizabeth Ratliff, shown in the Netflix docu-series "The Staircase.". Like her husband, she was sentenced to death on 19 December 1942 at the Reichskriegsgericht ("Reich Military Tribunal ") for "conspiracy to commit high treason", espionage, and other political crimes. Born Elisabeth Hohenemser on April 28, 1904, in Darmstadt, Germany; executed along with her husband on December 22, 1942, at Berlin's Pltzensee prison; daughter of a prominent engineer; spent her childhood in 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. [9] She was fluent in both Cantonese and Mandarin. "My mother loved to be at the track," Schumacher said in a statement after the race. WebElisabeth Schumacher, 55, died in a hospital in Cologne, Germany, early on Sunday April 20, 2003 after she has been in a coma following an emergency operation. Elisabeth was 46 years old at the time of death. The group was active giving out handbills and documenting the Nazi regime's crimes. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Elisabeth Schumacher was sentenced to death by the Reich Court Martial on December 19, 1942 and murdered three days later with her husband in Berlin-Pltzensee. He was sentenced to time already served and freed from prison. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. From the start, it looked as though Ralf would be the successful brother on such an emotionally charged day. Elisabeth Schumacher Elisabeth Schumacher (1912 - 2007) Switch to the light mode that's kinder on your eyes at day time. As the chequered flag fell, the usual exuberance was entirely absent. Create your free profile and get access to exclusive content. [9], Kurt Schumacher was an anti-Nazi and sculptor. Ralf finished the race in fourth place. [12] Born Elisabeth Hohenemser on April 28, 1904, [11], Es gibt hier entsetzlich viel Trostlosigkeit und Elend auf Schritt und Tritt. She was a member of the Berlin-based anti-fascist resistance group[2] that was later called the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle) by the Abwehr, during the Third Reich. 2 vols. (27/07/02). Check out never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more! Berlin: Dietz, 1970. [2] [5] Her brother, Philip, died in 1985 from AIDS. Frankfurt am Main: bLoch, 1993. Rrup, Reinhard. Gostomski, Victor von, and Walter Loch. Im Judenlager ist Flecktyphus ausgebrochen, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "German Resistance Memorial Center - 14 The Red Orchestra", "Folge 3: Elisabeth Schumacher geb. But the driver hasn't made many friends in his astounding race to the top. Her name was Elizabeth Ratliff (shown above in the blue shirt) and she died at the age of 43. Hours after paying his last respects to his dying mother in a Cologne hospital, Michael Schumacher stood on the podium with tears in his eyes as he received the winner's trophy at the San Marino grand prix yesterday. Ratliff taught second grade at a U.S. Department of Defense School. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. There was a substantial amount of blood around the staircase, Witness Cheryl Appel-Schumacher testified during Petersons 2003 trial that the blood reached all the way up the staircase. 17 Jan. 2023 . Encyclopedia.com. She was also queen of Hungary (crowned June 8, 1867) after the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich, or Compromise. In 1942, after a wireless message was decoded, many members of the resistance group were arrested. "Prosecutors spent thousands of dollars transporting her boy 12,000 miles from Bay City, Texas to Chapel Hill," Defense AttorneyDavid Rudolf said on "The Staircase." WebDeath . Her father was killed in action in the First World War in 1914. She was found dead at the bottom of a staircase, Ratliff was found tilted sideways at the bottom of a wooden staircase inside her home, according to "The Staircase.". Berlin: Edition Hentrich, 1995. Encyclopedia.com. In August 1939 she and her husband Kurt Schumacher organized help for a persecuted man, Rudi Bergtel. Her husband, George Ratliff, died shortly before her in a secret military operation overseas in 1983, according to CourtTV. for those who arent familiar with the case: He wasconvicted of first-degree murder in 2003 and spent nearly a decade behind bars. After her death, German officials concluded that Ratliff died of a cerebral hemorrhage which led to her falling down the stairs. geography. ; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; , ; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; ; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; Elisabeth Schumacher; ; Elisabeth Schumacher; activista alemana; deutsche Widerstandskmpferin; German resistance member; grafikistino kaj kontranazia rezistbatalanto; ; Duits aktivulino (1904-1942); , Frankfurt Kettenhofweg 46, Tafel Elisabeth Schumacher.jpg, Stolperstein Werner-Vo-Damm 42 (Temph) Elisabeth Schumacher.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Elisabeth_Schumacher&oldid=687810999, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. WebSchumacher, Elisabeth (19041942)German artist and anti-Nazi activist who was a member of the "Red Orchestra" resistance circle. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 2390 Eggert Rd. Kraushaar, Luise, et al. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Elisabeth Schumacher was sentenced to death by the Reich Court It is also a fact that will sit uncomfortably with many others who already perceive the five times World Champion as more machine than human in his systematic pursuit of victory. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Her enthusiasm for Hungary, however, affronted German sentiment within Austria. At, Adolf Bastian (18261905), early ethnographer, was born in Bremen, the son of a wealthy merchant. [4] Her father, engineer Fritz Hohenemser, was a soldier in World War I[5] and came from a family of prominent bankers from the Frankfurt am Main area. Strongly anti-Nazi from the first days of the Hitler regime, and inspired by the underground work of Harro Schulze-Boysen and later Libertas Schulze-Boysen , the Schumachers created a clandestine organization impenetrable by spies or provocateurs. Elisabeth Schumacher was involved in the discussions and first actions of the resistance circle around Harro Schulze-Boysen. Their determination to fight against the regime was only strengthened in 1937, when Kurt's revered teacher, the master sculptor Ludwig Gies, was forced to quit the Prussian Academy of Arts. WebOn 12 September of that year, Schumacher was arrested at her flat. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Kunst zu Berlin 16481987. We encourage you all to respect the dead and accord the family heartbroken with the loss of a cherished one, some privacy as you leave a message in the comment session. The Schumachers slightly shabby provincial restaurant next to father Rolfs kart track in Kerpen is shown at Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. They had been close friends since 1930. Peterson lived next door to Ratliff when she died. Michael Schumacher Death Obituary: Michael SchumacherCause Of Death Michael Schumacher Death: In the loving memory of Michael Schumacher, we are saddened to inform you that Michael Schumacher, a beloved and loyal friend, has passed away. A unique soul with a great personality has an amazing sense of humor, diligent and caring. He was sentenced to time already served and freed from prison. In 1942, after a wireless message was decoded, many members of the resistance group were arrested. According to the Hollywood Reporter, he died in New York City and In August 1942, they took in the Communist Albert Hler (or Hoessler),[4] who had lived in the Soviet Union since the 1930s. In August 1853 she met her cousin Franz Joseph, then aged 23, and he quickly fell in love with the 15-year-old Elisabeth, who was regarded as the most beautiful princess in Europe. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password. September 2014 - Schumacher leaves the Swiss hospital and returns to his family home in Gland on the shores of Lake Geneva to continue his recovery. Michael and Ralf Schumacher took to the Imola track in San Marino on Sunday in honor of their mother, Elisabeth, who had died just hours before. Their work for the, Berlin Communist underground now included providing materials for the "Red Orchestra" spy network led by their old friends the Schulze-Boysens and others, including Arvid and Mildred Harnack . 4 Jul 1914. He said they wanted the same medical examiner who claimed that Peterson's wife wasn't accidental to perform the autopsy rather than a neutral pathologist in Texas as he suggested. This page was last edited on 14 October 2022, at 04:54. (Mildred Harnack would be executed the following year. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Born in 1904 into a comfortable environment (her father was a prominent engineer) in Darmstadt, Elisabeth Schumacher spent her childhood in Meiningen. . Link your TV provider to stream full episodes and live TV. Date of Death: September 7, 1997. WebApril 1904 in Darmstadt; 22. Regina Green, an old family friend of Peterson pointed out in "The Staircase" how much Ratliff and Petersons first wife Patricia looked alike. You can directly shop your flowers on Amazon. Michael Schumacher Cause Of Death: Obituary. [8], While living in Berlin, Schumacher met Kurt Schumacher. WebPersonal life and death [ edit] Sung was married to writer and actor Peter Tulipan. The start of World War II deepened the Schumachers' resolve to help bring about the destruction of the dictatorship. Retrieved January 17, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/schumacher-elisabeth-1904-1942. [10], Like her husband, she was sentenced to death on 19 December 1942 at the Reichskriegsgericht ("Reich Military Tribunal") for "conspiracy to commit high treason", espionage, and other political crimes. WebOn 12 September of that year, Schumacher was arrested at her flat. Elisabeth Schumacher was born in a well-off family to a Jewish father and Christian mother in Darmstadt. Her father, engineer Fritz Hohenemser, came from a family of bankers from Frankfurt am Main, while her mother came from Meiningen. In 1914, the family moved from Strasbourg (then part of Germany) to Frankfurt am Main. Elisabeth Hohenemser came from a once-wealthy family. On 12 September 1942, Schumacher was arrested at her apartment in Tempelhof. The Schumachers spent much time helping those affected by Nazi Germany, but were ultimately arrested in September 1942. With their active encouragement, Michael became the most successful racing driver of all time. Spuren der sthetik des Widerstands: Berliner Kunststudenten im Widerstand 19331945. She and Philipp Schaeffer tried to save her uncle Richard Hohenemser and his wife, who attempted suicide. We know that Elisabeth Schumacher had been residing in Chicago, Cook County, Illinois 60659. A presentation of a bouquet of flowers is a special way of showing youre thinking of them and their loss, as the bright colours reflect the personality of the passed loved one. The Hungarians admired her, especially for her endeavours in bringing about the Compromise of 1867. Though our words can do little, we hope our thoughts and prayers will encourage you this period and always as you mourn, the passing soul. Three episodes in, drops a major bombshell: Peterson was the last person to see another woman who was found dead at the bottom of a staircase in Germany in 1985. Berlin: Verlag Willmuth Arenhvel, 1989. Born Elisabeth Hohenemser on April 28, 1904, in Darmstadt, Germany; executed along with her husband on December 22, 1942, at Berlin's Pltzensee prison; daughter of a prominent engineer; spent her childhood in Meiningen; married Kurt Schumacher (190542). Since her husband's death, Peterson would come over to visit her every evening after dinner, according to "The Staircase." They had qualified for the first two places on the starting grid. Elisabeth, (born December 24, 1837, Munich, Bavaria [Germany]died September 10, 1898, Geneva, Switzerland), empress consort of Austria from April 24, [3], Elisabeth Hohenemser was born into a well-off family, to a Jewish father and Christian mother in Darmstadt. May you find comfort knowing that life continues forever in heaven even as the memories shared live forever in our hearts. In protest, Kurt also severed his ties with what had become a subservient, almost Nazified, organization. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Yesterday morning the brothers were back at the Imola track and ready to start the race, the fourth round of the 2003 world championship. WebShe was arrested on September 12, 1942 and taken to the police headquarters at Alexanderplatz. Der Tod von Pltzensee: Erinnerungen, Ereignisse, Dokumente, 19421944. And will be dearly missed by family, friends, and everyone. (b. Knigsberg, Eastern Prussia [now Kaliningrad, U.S.S.R.], 9 February 1865; d. Munich, Germany, 10 January 1949) 223226. The organisers released them from the need to participate in post-race ceremonies. Berlin: Hochschule der Knste Berlin, 1984. Schumacher, the world champion, and his younger brother Ralf, also a formula one driver, had flown by private jet to visit their mother on Saturday night. Elisabeth Schumacher, the mother of Formula One drivers Michael and Ralf Schumacher, has died after falling into a coma following a fall at her home in Germany. She was buried in 1887, at burial place. Block 163. Your email address will not be published. ", Her death was eventually ruled a homicide. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Were working to restore it. She was refused permanent employment because she was half-Jewish. Our small band fought with decency and courage.". Chicago, She died on November 15, 2007 at age 95. ." Please try again later. Cause of death Details of the circumstance surrounding our beloved, Michael Schumachersdeath is not public yet, we will share more as we learn. "My mother and father had always supported us," Michael said after his victory. Michael Schumachers obituary is not public at the time, we will share more as we learn about the obituary and possibly the funeral. The Netflix series, originally a documentary produced by a French company, examines his original trial. She helped to distribute and circulate illegal publications and looked after her relatives threatened with deportation. What SCHUMACHER makes abundantly clear is that, although the German would come to be one of the worlds highest earning sports stars, he most certainly did not come from money. She partly assuaged Austrian feelings by her care for the wounded in the Seven Weeks War of 1866. Blacher, Boris, remarkable German composer; b. Newchwang, China (of half-German, quarter-Russian, and quarter-Jewish ancestry), Jan. 1, Schlter, Andreas Getty Joel Schumacher. Joel Schumacher, the accomplished director behind such iconic movies as St. Elmos Fire and two movies in the Batman franchise, has died at the age of 80. What was the cause of death? According to Variety, Schumacher died of cancer. Elisabeth Schumacher (ne Hohenemser; 28 April 1904 22 December 1942 in Pltzensee Prison, Berlin) was a German artist, photographer. [citation needed]. Ehrenbuch der Opfer von Berlin-Pltzensee. To use social login you have to agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. Lambassadeur amricain William B. Jones la FMP; vendredi 28 avril 1978. 27 Feb 1998 (aged 83) Burial. Their increasingly dangerous existence reached its climax in August 1942 when they provided shelter for Albert Hssler, who had been trained in the Soviet Union to expand the activities of the Berlin organization. "Please don't expect a reply," Michael said. Joel Schumacher, director of films such as Batman & Robin, Batman Forever, St. Elmos Fire, and The Lost Boys, died of cancer of June 22, 2020. The attending physician declared that both men had died of natural causes. Moreover, she believed there were possibilities of negotiating peace with the Soviet Union. After her education in Offenbach and Berlin she worked as a freelance graphic artist at the Reich Office for Industrial Safety in Berlin. A quick recap for those who arent familiar with the case: He wasconvicted of first-degree murder in 2003 and spent nearly a decade behind bars. November 15, 2007 . [3] In June 1957, Wilson married her third husband, Oliver Leonard, a retired estate agent. Repulsive Racist or Unscrupulous Tycoon: Who Exactly is On This Box? Elisabeth Schumacher, 55, was in a coma and suffering from severe internal bleeding, reportedly after a fall at her home a week earlier. The weapon was found at the scene of the crime so the death was quickly ruled a suicide and authorities, for numerous reasons, did not seem to entertain the possibility of homicide. Oxygen Insider is your all-access pass to never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Born in Danzig (now Gdask, Poland), he is claimed as a major Baroque sculptor and architect by bo, Siemens, Ernst Werner von He did not spray the ubiquitous champagne, which was left unopened by all three drivers. Cause of death Details of the circumstance surrounding our beloved, Michael Schumachers death is not public While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. However, it was Elizabeth's first son who triumphed, beating current championship leader Kimi Raikkonen of McLaren Mercedes into second place, with his Ferrari teammate Rubens Barrichello in third. Ralf, 27, led the early stages of the race, but dropped back to finish fourth, leaving Michael, 34, to record an emphatic victory. But, in February, just months before the scheduled retrial, Peterson submitted an Alford plea to the reduced charge of manslaughter. NY: Continuum, 1997, pp. At the beginning of August 1942 she gave accommodation to the parachute agent Albert Hler, who had just arrived from Moscow, and arranged for him to meet Harro Schulze-Boysen and Hans Coppi. Elisabeth and her husband were inspired by Libertas and Harro Schulze-Boysen, and created an organization to fight against the Nazi regime. Berlin: Dietz, 1970. Please if you have any form of concern, suggestions, or query as regards this publication, kindly contact us. Both Peterson and his wife raised his two daughters, Margaret and Martha,as if they were their own. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The start of World War II solidified this resolve. First, her death was ruled natural After her death, German officials concluded that Ratliff died of a cerebral hemorrhage which led to her falling down the stairs. They believe their adopted father is innocent of killing both of their moms, according to the documentary. Both brothers, who were due to take part in the Grand Prix at Imola in San Marino on Sunday, had flown to their mother's bedside on Saturday night and returned to the track on Sunday morning. One of her uncles, Moritz Hohenemser, was deported to Theresienstadt ghetto. 2. Create a free profile to get unlimited access to exclusive videos, breaking news, sweepstakes, and more! Searching obituaries is a great place to start your family tree research. He was She was the first woman in Michael Peterson's life found dead at the bottom of a staircase, and featured in the aptly titled Netflix series "The Staircase.". She soon married a fourth husband, Ernest Wilson. Elisabeth was the daughter of the Bavarian duke Maximilian Joseph. 11 May 2006, Ross Schumacher was found dead in his home as a result of a gunshot wound to the back of the head. Your email address will not be published. ", Undisputed King of the Formula One Circuit, Olaf Scholz at Davos: 2022 'challenged us as never before', World in 'sorry state' UN chief Guterres, Davos: Social entrepreneurs eye real change, Egyptian activists: We need to talk about abortion, Japan nuclear plant execs acquitted over Fukushima disaster, 'When you see antisemitism, act immediately'. WebHermann passed away of cause of death in 1968, at age 69 at death place. But for the brothers, competing in the race was their way of paying tribute to the woman who was instrumental in the two mens rise to the very top of their profession. ), In their fury, the Nazis destroyed most of Kurt Schumacher's sculpture, regarding it as "un-German" and symptomatic of the "Cultural Bolshevism" of the despised Weimar Republic. WebBorn (Birthday) Dec 5, 1901 Death Date February 1, 1976 Age of Death 74 years Cause of Death Kidney Cancer Profession Physicist The physicist Werner Heisenberg died at the Schumacher trained as an artist, but as her father was Jewish, who died in battlefield during World War I, she was classified as half-Jewish or Mischling, so worked as a graphic artist, before joining the resistance efforts. Cause of death. (January 17, 2023). John Haag , Associate Professor of History, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. Bode, the son of a commercial accounting teacher and the nephew of the well-known writing master and mathematic master Jrgen Elert Kruse, Blacher, Boris Dezember 1942 in Berlin) war Grafikerin und Widerstandskmpferin; sie gehrte zum Kreis der Roten Kapelle English: Elisabeth The suicide of her only son, the crown prince Rudolf, in 1889, was a shock from which Elisabeth never fully recovered. "She loved it when we drove go-carts on the old track at home. SIEMENS, ERNST WERNER VON Generally popular with her subjects, she offended Viennese aristocracy by her impatience with the rigid etiquette of the court. Frauen gegen die DiktaturWiderstand und Verfolgung im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland. But, in February, just months before the scheduled retrial, Peterson submitted an Alford plea to the reduced charge of manslaughter. Deutsche Widerstandskmpfer 19331945: Biographien und Briefe. As Peterson was being investigated for the staircase death of his wife in the early 2000s, Ratliffs body was exhumed in Texas in 2003. Please join us to mourn the passing of Michael Schumacher. Sentenced to death, they were executed on the same day, December 22, 1942, at Berlin's Pltzensee prison, along with Harro and Libertas Schulze-Boysen, Arvid Harnack, and six other anti-Nazis. Get an all-access pass to never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more! [9] He had been studying graphic arts with German artist Ernst Bhm as part of a three-year course. You can search this database online or write to them for assistance. *. According to Variety, Schumacher died of cancer. After completing her studies, she stayed in Berlin and applied unsuccessfully (reportedly because she was half-Jewish) for a permanent spot at the Reich Office for Industrial Safety (Reichsstelle fr Arbeitsschut). He studied law at the University of Heidelberg and, Schumacher, Ernst Friedrich (1911 1977) German/English Economist, Schumacher, Thomas 1958(? Elisabeth Schumacher, the mother of Formula One drivers Michael and Ralf Schumacher, has died after falling into a coma following a fall at her home in Germany. Oktober 1987. [10] Her cause of death initially had not been released, [11] but it was later revealed Sung died from lymphoma. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. She even scheduled a doctor's appointment out of concern, and had an appointment the next week. [6] In 1914, the family moved from Strasbourg (then part of Germany) to Frankfurt am Main. Berlin: Edition Hentrich, 1994. Her mother came from Meiningen. New COP28 head also boss of one of biggest oil companies, Canada says no alcohol is the only risk-free option, Africa bets on Brazils new President Lula da Silva, Michael Schumacher entered the record books by winning his fifth Formula One Racing season title of his career. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Ausstellung im Alten Museum vom 10. Her assassination brought her rather unsettled life to a tragic end. Yesterday was the 65th victory of his career, and undoubtedly the saddest. On 12 September 1942, Schumacher was arrested at her apartment in Tempelhof. Often, he'd help with the dishes or read to Ratliff's two young daughtersbefore returning home, according to the documentary series. Schumacher used to race on salvaged kart tyres. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. 1996 - 2021 Gedenksttte Deutscher Widerstand, (uid_foreign IN (87,83,84,89,90,91,92,94,95,101,99,96,98,97,100,85,88,93,86) AND tablenames = 'pages_language_overlay'). It was during a visit to Switzerland that she was mortally stabbed by an Italian anarchist, Luigi Luccheni. Later, the Schumachers joined Libertas and Harro Schulze-Boysen, along with Mildred and Arvid Harnack in their spy network, whom the Gestapo later dubbed the "Red Orchestra" (Rote Kapelle).

Memorial Quotes For Pilots, Articles E